有砟轨道与无砟轨道动刚度特性差异研究

轨道动刚度是不同激振频率的荷载作用下,轨道抵抗变形的能力,由于有砟轨道与无砟轨道两种轨道的组成差异造成两者间存在较大动刚度差异。随着行车速度的提高、中高频段激振荷载的增加,有砟轨道与无砟轨道间的动刚度差异逐渐增大,这对于行车平顺性与结构耐久性会造成较大影响,但目前缺乏轨道动刚度的相关研究。为研究有砟轨道与无砟轨道间的动刚度差异,根据两种轨道的结构特点,建立相应的ANSYS有限元模型,通过对比分析,得出两种轨道的轨道动刚度在中低频段存在较大差异,轨下动刚度在全频段存在较大差异。为保证有砟-无砟轨道过渡段的行车平稳性与结构耐久性,需要考虑两种轨道间的动刚度过渡设计。此外,轨道动刚度特性分析可以指导高速铁路高低不平顺控制,从而保证行车平顺性。     

Semi-active suspension systems for railway vehicles using magnetorheological dampers. Part I: system integration and modelling

In this paper, it is aimed to investigate semi-active suspension systems using magnetorheological (MR) fluid dampers for improving the ride quality of railway vehicles. A 17-degree-of-freedom (DOF) model of a full-scale railway vehicle integrated with the semi-active controlled MR fluid dampers in its secondary suspension system is proposed to cope with the lateral, yaw, and roll motions of the car body, trucks, and wheelsets. The governing equations combining the dynamics of the railway vehicle integrated with MR dampers in the suspension system and the dynamics of the rail track irregularities are developed and a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control law using the acceleration feedback is adopted, in which the state variables are estimated from the measurable accelerations with a Kalman estimator. In order to evaluate the performances of the semi-active suspension systems based on MR dampers for railway vehicles, the random and periodical track irregularities are modelled with a uniform state-space formulation according to the testing data and incorporated into the governing equation of the railway vehicle integrated with the semi-active suspension system. Utilising the governing equations and the semi-active controller developed in this paper, the simulation and analysis are presented in Part II of this paper.     

高速列车安全运行电磁控制系统的研究

提出高速列车安全运行电磁控制系统(简称电磁安全控制系统)的设计方案。电磁安全控制系统采用主动控制方式,通过对现场采集的数据信息进行解析,获得轮对间受力情况,经核心运算输出控制信息,控制执行机构动作电磁系统,使两轮对间受力趋于平衡,实现对列车运行状况的实时调整和危险情况下的自动控制。最后,从系统的实现功能入手,对其进行动态模拟,并对所得数据进行分析、对比,完成对系统性能的试验论证。     

基于Burg法的城市轨道交通快速线路轨道不平顺谱研究

基于多尺度小波分析方法与异常值处理算法进行轨检数据的预处理,比较小波基的选取差异,通过最优小波基获得满足轨道谱估计要求的基础数据。使用现代谱估计中的Burg法进行谱估计方法上的优化,结果表明,与直接法与Welch法相比,Burg法在方差性能与分辨率上均有优势。根据大量拟合公式的比选,结合非线性最小二乘法对估计的轨道谱进行拟合,得到城市轨道交通快速线路不平顺谱表达式与相关参数。将地铁快速线路谱与国内外其他轨道谱进行比较,结果表明地铁快速线路谱与上海地铁轨道谱差异较小,与高速铁路谱及干线谱等差异明显。     

车轮踏面磨耗及轨道不平顺联合作用下的车辆-轨道系统随机分析模型

车轮磨耗和轨道不平顺具有随机特征。基于车轮圆周磨耗的概率特征及高斯分布假设,将车轮型面离散化,形成车轮型面磨耗量的概率反演方法;同时,基于轨道不平顺概率模型,实现轨道不平顺在不同幅-频状态下的遍历随机模拟。结合车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论和概率方法,建立考虑车轮踏面磨耗-轨道随机不平顺耦合作用的车辆-轨道随机分析模型,并用一类概率密度演化方程解决模型的概率密度传递问题。此模型能较好分析车辆-轨道系统在不同车轮型面磨损及线路随机不平顺联合作用下的动力响应分析及可靠度计算问题。     

Disturbance compensation with a torque controllable steering system

Via a conventional steering system the driver perceives desired and disturbing effects such as road feedback and resonance effects, respectively. They appear with overlapping frequency spectra within the driver's steering torque. This paper introduces a control algorithm that is suppressing periodic disturbances without affecting useful steering road feedback attributes as well as regular power assistance characteristic. This is realised by an integrated torque actuator within the steering column in conjunction with a conventional Hydraulic-assisted Power Steering (HPS) system.     

Sensitivity of train stochastic dynamics to long-term evolution of track irregularities

The influence of the track geometry on the dynamic response of the train is of great concern for the railway companies, because they have to guarantee the safety of the train passengers in ensuring the stability of the train. In this paper, the long-term evolution of the dynamic response of the train on a stretch of the railway track is studied with respect to the long-term evolution of the track geometry. The characterisation of the long-term evolution of the train response allows the railway companies to start off maintenance operations of the track at the best moment. The study is performed using measurements of the track geometry, which are carried out very regularly by a measuring train. A stochastic model of the studied stretch of track is created in order to take into account the measurement uncertainties in the track geometry. The dynamic response of the train is simulated with a multibody software. A noise is added in output of the simulation to consider the uncertainties in the computational model of the train dynamics. Indicators on the dynamic response of the train are defined, allowing to visualize the long-term evolution of the stability and the comfort of the train, when the track geometry deteriorates.     

重载铁路复合不平顺的仿真计算及安全限值研究

铁路轨道几何形位不平顺是车辆振动及轮轨动力作用增大的重要激振源,而其中水平和轨向反向复合不平顺对轨道动力响应和行车安全有着极不利影响。针对重载铁路C80型铝合金敞车,用Simpack多体动力学仿真软件,建立车辆-轨道耦合模型,取水平、轨向最不利波长条件下,对复合不平顺各种幅值组合的工况进行仿真,分析各动力响应指标与列车速度、不平顺幅值的关系,并提出其安全限值,供工务管理参考。     

曲线轨道不平顺对车辆动力响应影响仿真研究

研究目的:本文旨在通过现场实测和仿真计算研究曲线轨道不平顺对车辆动力特性的影响。首先,利用轨检车实测数据对我国提速线路轨道不平顺与车辆振动加速度之间的关系等进行了统计分析及相关分析,对武九线曲线段的轨道谱也进行了初步估计。其次,采用动力学仿真软件Adams/Rail建立车辆-轨道动力学模型,并以实测数据作为验证手段,分析了轨道不平顺类型、幅值和波长对车辆运行平稳性和安全性的影响,提出了对行车运行有不利影响的不平顺波长范围。研究结论:高低不平顺对列车垂向振动影响显著,轨向不平顺对列车垂向、横向振动均有显著影响,当列车以110 km/h运行时,为了避免列车在不平顺激励下产生共振,应该对2.5 m、3.72 m、20 m和28 m波长的轨道不平顺进行控制。     

路面随机激励时域模型特性的仿真研究

在分析白噪声法、谐波叠加法、FFT法和离散时序法4种常用路面不平度随机激励单点时域模型构建的基础上,对指定环境下4种模型的速度以及结果的波动性、统计学特性和合理性进行了仿真,比较和剖析了产生不同仿真效率和结果的本质所在.并对单点时域模型进行了拓展,分别构建了车辆的单轮辙多点、双轮辙多点时域模型.