Electric vehicles and residential parking in an urban environment: Results from a stated preference experiment

This paper presents the results of a preference survey of 1545 respondents’ willingness to purchase electric vehicles (EVs) in Philadelphia. We pay particular attention to respondents’ willingness to pay for convenient charging systems and parking spaces. If the value of dedicated parking substantially outweighs the value of convenient charging systems, residential-based on-street charging systems are unlikely to ever be politically palatable. As expected, respondents are generally willing to pay for longer range, shorter charging times, lower operating costs, and shorter parking search times. For a typical respondent, a $100 per month parking charge decreases the odds of purchasing an EV by around 65%. Across mixed logit and latent class models, we find substantial variation in the willingness to pay for EV range, charge time, and ease of parking. Of note, we find two primary classes of respondents with substantially different EV preferences. The first class tends to live in multifamily housing units in central parts of the city and puts a high value on parking search time and the availability of on-street charging stations. The second class, whose members are likelier to be married, wealthy, conservative, and residing in single-family homes in more distant neighborhoods, are willing to pay more for EV range and charge time, but less for parking than the first group. They are also much likelier to consider purchasing EVs at all. We recommend that future research into EV adoption incorporate neighborhood-level features, like parking availability and average trip distances, which vary by neighborhood and almost certainly influence EV adoption.     

基于价值工程的全生命周期趸船材质方案比选研究

将趸船整个生命周期过程中的技术先进性、经济合理性和环境协调性有机地融合为一体,基于价值工程理论提出趸船材质方法比选。实例表明在千岛湖这样的大吨位船舶碰撞概率很小的水域,采用混凝土趸船明显优于钢质趸船。     

On the variance of recurrent traffic flow for statistical traffic assignment

This paper generalizes and extends classical traffic assignment models to characterize the statistical features of Origin-Destination (O-D) demands, link/path flow and link/path costs, all of which vary from day to day. The generalized statistical traffic assignment (GESTA) model has a clear multi-level variance structure. Flow variance is analytically decomposed into three sources, O-D demands, route choices and measurement errors. Consequently, optimal decisions on roadway design, maintenance, operations and planning can be made using estimated probability distributions of link/path flow and system performance. The statistical equilibrium in GESTA is mathematically defined. Its multi-level statistical structure well fits large-scale data mining techniques. The embedded route choice model is consistent with the settings of O-D demands considering link costs that vary from day to day. We propose a Method of Successive Averages (MSA) based solution algorithm to solve for GESTA. Its convergence and computational complexity are analyzed. Three example networks including a large-scale network are solved to provide insights for decision making and to demonstrate computational efficiency.     

现代汽车新材料技术应用

材料技术的进步,降低了车辆质量,改善了燃料经济性,并减少了车辆制造成本。近年来,现代汽车普遍采用碳纤维增强材料、陶瓷碳素复合材料以及纳米材料等最新技术,介绍纳米汽油、纳米润滑剂、纳米塑料、碳纳米管、纳米界面材料、新型汽车尾气检测装置等应用于汽车的纳米技术。     

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随着中国城市群的快速发展,城际交通出行环境发生了巨大的变化,因此城际出行者也会不断地重建自己的出行习惯,这就要求建立动态模型研究城际出行者出行行为和预测城际交通需求。本文调查出行者在宁杭城际高铁开通前后两个时期的出行信息,并且引入状态依赖变量表征出行者之前选择结果对之后出行选择的影响,建立了基于面板数据的城际出行方式选择动态模型。模型结果表明,基于面板数据的动态模型比传统的基于出行者单次出行数据的模型拥有更高精度。同时本文根据宁杭城际出行背景设置三组政策变化方案预测出行分担率,结果表明,当选择环境发生变化时,传统模型会高估出行方式分担率的变化程度。以上结论能更好地服务于中国城际交通的规划。     

基于灵敏度分析的环肋圆柱壳结构优化

针对环肋圆柱壳结构强度和稳定性(包含肋骨侧向稳定性),引入新的灵敏度计算方法,开展了几何参数的灵敏度分析,获取了主要影响参数;给出了考虑肋骨侧向稳定性后的材料利用率计算公式后,在结构满足强度和稳定性要求的条件下,以重量最轻、材料利用率最高为优化目标建立了优化数学模型。采用多目标遗传算法对结构在考虑肋骨侧向稳定性后进行了优化。结果表明,这种灵敏度计算方法具有良好的可靠性,基于灵敏度分析的结构优化的方案具有显著的可行性、高效性。     

美国水道港口疏浚物的处理管理与利用

为维护发达的水运系统,美国每年从水道港口水域中疏浚2.0亿m3左右的沉积物,由此引发的巨量疏浚物处置问题并不亚于我国。从疏浚物的处理现状出发,总结美国在疏浚物管理机制和处理技术等方面的主要进展,分析疏浚物的有益利用及其工程案例。调查表明,美国疏浚物管理体系权责清晰,美国陆军工程兵团(USACE)和环境保护署(USEPA)在疏浚物处置管理过程中扮演了重要角色,疏浚物多数以栖息地营造、湿地修复、海滩养护、农业和水产养殖等多种方式得到有益利用。我国目前正处在疏浚土有益利用的研究和探索阶段,美国疏浚物处置管理的成功经验值得借鉴。     

创新设计、资源节约、环境友好和低碳发展的长江口深水航道治理工程

介绍了长江口深水航道治理工程创新的治理理念、设计方案、施工技术和科学的动态管理方法,同时还介绍了该工程在资源节约、环境友好及促进低碳发展方面采取的措施和取得的效果。     

高速公路扩建工程材料再利用施工技术及效益分析

为节省高速公路扩建工程中施工材料,可以对原本旧路面破除的材料进行循环利用.唐山至天津高速公路扩建工程破除材料全部利用再生技术,取得了良好的经济、社会效益,值得在同行中推广.     

The effect of attitudes toward cars and public transportation on behavioral intention in commuting mode choice—A comparison across six Asian countries

This study investigated the contribution of psychological factors in explaining the choice of transportation mode in six Asian countries. Data were collected from 1118 respondents in Japan, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The dependent variable was the intention to use one of three modes for work travel after getting a job: car, public transit, or other modes. The explanatory variables were three attitude factors taken from a previous study, including: 1/symbolic affective, reflecting affective motives of travel mode use; 2/instrumental, referring to functional attributes of travel modes; and 3/social orderliness which represents for environmental friendliness, safety, altruism, quietness et cetera. Several logit model estimates were made using the samples from the six countries separately and together. We obtained three main findings. First, attitude variables about the car were all significant determinants for the entire sample from Asian countries. Second, the social orderliness aspect of public transit was a common concern of respondents from developing countries in selecting this mode for work trips. Third, in countries in which the intent to use a car was not very high, attitude factors about the car were found to be significant determinants of the behavioral intention to commute by car but were less significant in countries in which the desire to use a car was high.