U.S. import/export container flow modeling and disruption analysis

International containerized freight movement is a vital part of the supply chain for many companies, and a critical element of moving consumer goods to points of retail sale within the U.S. Containerized imports also present a clear security concern (e.g., terrorists attempting to ship “dirty bombs,” chemical, biological or even nuclear weapons, into the U.S. in a shipping container). The goal of the research presented here is to create a modeling tool for analyzing flows of U.S. imports and exports of containerized freight, and the potential changes in those flows under a variety of conditions (e.g., port disruptions, extensive security-related delays, etc.). Our focus is on movements through maritime container ports, and not overland movements between the U.S. and Canada or Mexico.The network model, referred to as the System for Import/Export Routing and Recovery Analysis (SIERRA), represents container movements between the U.S. and 46 other countries that account for the vast majority of U.S. imports and exports. The SIERRA model is a network equilibrium model that predicts flows between foreign countries and North American ports, the total volumes handled (import and export) by each port, the modal volumes (truck and rail) moving domestically into and out of each port, and volumes between each port and a set of transportation analysis zones within the U.S.     

Controlled installation of spudcan foundations on loose sand overlying weak clay

Offshore jack-up rigs are often used for site exploration and oil well drilling. The footings of jack-up rigs are known as spudcan foundations. The risk of rapid uncontrolled penetration of spudcan in seabed (“punch-through”) exposes jack-ups to significant risk during installation in strong over weak layered seabeds. An example for this is a thin loose sand layer overlying a weaker stratum of clay. To prevent spudcans from “punch-through”, an in-situ measurement concept is suggested in this paper to control the installation process of spudcan foundations. First, three-dimensional finite element studies using a Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian method are carried out to simulate the penetration process. The numerical results have been validated with existing analytical solutions and centrifuge model test data. Furthermore, parametric studies are carried out to quantify the influences of the sand thickness and shear strength of the clay on the bearing capacity of spudcans. Based on the numerical studies an idea for the development of an in-situ measurement concept is suggested to control the spudcan penetration process in-situ.     

电子海图中航线设计与监视的实时仿真方法

提出了基于国际标准格式(S-57)电子海图平台的航行安全实时仿真方法,主要研究了航线设计和航路监视方法.将指示克里格法应用于航线设计的研究,对海底地形曲面进行拟合并求取任意位置水深值,对离散的条件分布函数进行顺序矫正,保证了阈值区间的合理性.采用人机交互的方式根据船舶的航行信息和海图信息对计划航线进行修正,实现了计划航线可行性的自动判别,改进了航路监视的判定算法,并采用船舶形成碰撞紧迫局面时间(TCQA)和船舶形成碰撞紧迫局面距离模型来判断本船与目标船之间的紧迫局面及碰撞风险,从而有效地监控并提示避碰危险.经航海模拟器验证,该方法准确可靠.     

53000吨特涂舱化学品/成品油船的分舱优化

化学品/成品油船的分舱原则不仅要满足国际公约、规则及船级社规范,还要综合考虑完整稳性、破舱稳性以及总纵强度的影响.文章介绍了中船重工船舶设计研究中心有限公司开发的53000DWT IMO II型特涂舱化学品/成品油船的分舱优化设计过程,对设计人员在同吨位液货船分舱设计方面有一定的参考作用.     

挖泥船“HAM318”的加长改装

“HAM318”是一艘挖泥船,原来的泥舱舱容太小,需要增加泥舱舱容。大连中远船务承接此项改装工程,从船舯部将其割开,加入51．1m长的新制分段,分别于原船艏部和艉部连接。改装后的船舶将增加13800m^3的泥舱舱容。文章将对该轮加长改装过程中的技术问题进行论述。     

钱塘江上游游埠航电枢纽通航水流条件数值模拟*

为了进一步优化游埠航电枢纽上下游通航水流条件,建立了适合该区域的二维水流数学模型,对衢江游埠航电枢纽上下游通航水流条件进行了计算分析。上游桥区选择合适的通航孔和航道,尽量提高通航净宽;对下游连续弯道,优化了航道的布置,改善了通航水流条件,以保障船舶航行安全。     

水工结构物混凝土保护层的作用及质量控制

针对水工结构物目前混凝土保护层厚度普遍控制不严的现状,简要分析了混凝土保护层厚度对钢筋混凝土结构的承载能力与耐久性的影响,同时结合大量的检测实践,指出当前水工结构施工在混凝土保护层厚度控制方面存在的不足,并对这方面的质量控制提出具体建议,以期进一步引起对混凝土保护层施工质量的重视。     

港口工程单桩垂直承载力经验参数法初探

JTJ 254—1998《港口工程桩基规范》与JGJ 94—2008《建筑桩基技术规范》对单桩承载力计算的参数选取存在不同。从分析两个规范的桩基设计安全度出发,对比了黏土层采用该方法的参数差异和单桩垂直承载力的差异,介绍在工程实践中,解决该差异所采取的勘察工作方法和几种参数取值处理办法,最后对规范修订工作提出了几点建议。     

船舶进出港安全时距对沿海散货港区航道通过能力的影响*

沿海散货港区规模化以及散货船舶大型化的趋势对航道航行安全性以及航道通过能力提出了更高的要求.船舶进出港安全时距作为控制同向进出港船舶尾随时间的安全参数,是影响沿海航道通过能力的因素之一.基于港口船舶航行作业系统,利用Arena仿真软件构建模型,研究不同条件下安全时距对沿海散货港区航道通过能力的影响,并将其应用于实例分析.仿真试验结果表明:安全时距与航道通过能力之间呈负幂函数关系;安全时距对双向航道通过能力影响程度更为显著;货物流向变化对二者的敏感关系影响并不明显;单线航道受安全时距的影响程度随通航历时的增加呈递减趋势.     

软黏土上覆硬土层极限承载力室内模型试验研究*

对双层地基室内模型试验分析,研究了软黏土上覆硬土层厚度变化和水灰比变化对上覆硬土层软土地基的极限承载力的影响。水灰比的增加对增大其极限承载力效果显著,而厚度的增加对提高双层地基极限承载力效果不显著。对双层地基的极限承载力进行了分析,提出了极限承载力的修正公式,并把计算值与试验值做了对比分析。