基于全时域势流理论的船舶与液舱晃荡耦合运动的数值计算

基于三维线性有航速时域势流理论计算船体时域运动外域波浪力,同时采用三维全非线性时域势流理论来计算舱内液体的非线性晃荡所诱导力与力矩,进而建立了波浪中载液船舶耦合运动方程。该方法能够完整地考虑波浪、船体和液舱晃荡之间的实时耦合作用。研究结果表明:通过模型实验和数值模拟计算的对比,数值模拟计算能够清晰显现出液舱晃荡对船体全局运动影响,无航速船体运动RAO与模型实验结果吻合良好,有航速运动计算合乎预期。     

Fuzzy-PID合成控制下铺缆船舶首向寻优动力定位

为使海上作业的铺缆船舶能够更好地保持定点作业能力,其上都安装有动力定位系统。船舶运动的数学模型是非线性的,单独使用模糊控制效果不够理想,通过使用Fuzzy-PID合成控制器可实现更精确的动力定位。该控制器包含大误差切换至Fuzzy控制模块、小误差切换至Fuzzy-I控制模块及微误差切换至Fuzzy-PID控制模块3个模块。同时为了船舶能够更好、更节能地抵抗外界环境,在控制器部分还加入了首向寻优环节。仿真验证表明,与传统Fuzzy控制对比后得出,使用Fuzzy-PID控制器仿真时系统的稳定性和响应速度都较为优越,提高了动力定位的效果,符合绿色动力定位的理念。     

Automatic calibration of fundamental diagram for first‐order macroscopic freeway traffic models

Despite its importance in macroscopic traffic flow modeling, comprehensive method for the calibration of fundamental diagram is very limited. Conventional empirical methods adopt a steady state analysis of the aggregate traffic data collected from measurement devices installed on a particular site without considering the traffic dynamics, which renders the simulation may not be adaptive to the variability of data. Nonetheless, determining the fundamental diagram for each detection site is often infeasible. To remedy these, this study presents an automatic calibration method to estimate the parameters of a fundamental diagram through a dynamic approach. Simulated flow from the cell transmission model is compared against the measured flow wherein an optimization merit is conducted to minimize the discrepancy between model‐generated data and real data. The empirical results prove that the proposed automatic calibration algorithm can significantly improve the accuracy of traffic state estimation by adapting to the variability of traffic data when compared with several existing methods under both recurrent and abnormal traffic conditions. Results also highlight the robustness of the proposed algorithm. The automatic calibration algorithm provides a powerful tool for model calibration when freeways are equipped with sparse detectors, new traffic surveillance systems lack of comprehensive traffic data, or the case that lots of detectors lose their effectiveness for aging systems. Furthermore, the proposed method is useful for off‐line model calibration under abnormal traffic conditions, for example, incident scenarios. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Run-off-road and recovery – state estimation and vehicle control strategies

Despite many advances in vehicle safety technology, traffic fatalities remain a devastating burden on society. With over two-thirds of all fatal single-vehicle crashes occurring off the roadway, run-off-road (ROR) crashes have become the focus of much roadway safety research. Current countermeasures, including roadway infrastructure modifications and some on-board vehicle safety systems, remain limited in their approach as they do not directly address the critical factor of driver behaviour. It has been shown that ROR crashes are often the result of poor driver performance leading up to the crash. In this study, the performance of two control algorithms, sliding control and linear quadratic control, was investigated for use in an autonomous ROR vehicle recovery system. The two controllers were simulated amongst a variety of ROR conditions where typical driver performance was inadequate to safely operate the vehicle. The sliding controller recovered the fastest within the nominal conditions but exhibited large variability in performance amongst the more extreme ROR scenarios. Despite some small sacrifices in lateral error and yaw rate, the linear quadratic controller demonstrated a higher level of consistency and stability amongst the various conditions examined. Overall, the linear quadratic controller recovered the vehicle 25% faster than the sliding controller while using 70% less steering, which combined with its robust performance, indicates its high potential as an autonomous ROR countermeasure.     

瞬态温度循环下的气缸垫密封分析与设计

针对气缸垫易于失效的受载和瞬态温度循环工况,提出了瞬态温度循环下的气缸垫密封设计与分析方法.采用材料和接触非线性有限元方法建立缸体、缸盖、气缸垫和螺栓一体化分析模型,进行瞬态温度和结构密封分析,采用密封压力和凸筋跳跃量对气缸垫密封进行评价.通过分析,识别出密封压力和凸筋跳跃量存在风险的区域,对设计进行改进,合理设置停止片高度,做到密封压力和凸筋跳跃量之间的平衡.     

基于施工全过程的矩形盾构隧道结构受力分析方法及应用

为探索如何在衬砌结构设计中充分考虑施工过程对结构受力的影响,在现场监测结果的基础上,采用理论分析和数值模拟的方法,建立基于施工全过程的衬砌结构受力分析方法,即考虑衬砌结构在施工过程中各主要受力阶段之间的非线性时变效应,采用增量法进行结构内力和变形的计算,分析结构在施工过程中各受力阶段的荷载模型以及结构刚度随内力变化的折线模型。将该方法应用到实际隧道工程中,并与传统设计方法进行对比分析。实践表明,建立的基于施工全过程的衬砌结构受力分析方法是合理可行的,其可以较全面地反映出衬砌结构在施工阶段的真实受力状态; 脱出盾尾阶段和同步注浆阶段为结构在施工期的不利受力阶段。     

非线性双曲线固结方程的精细积分解法

为解决传统有限差分法在求解固结方程时关于时间步长选取对解的稳定性和收敛性影响问题,针对固结系数不为常数的一维非线性双曲线固结方程求解,提出一种采用精细积分法进行时间离散的数值解法。详细推导该方法的具体求解过程,并结合工程实例,将精细积分解法与传统有限差分解法进行对比。结果表明,精细积分解法不受时间步长取值大小的限制,具有良好的计算精度和数值稳定性。     

船舶辅机浮筏半主动非线性隔振系统振动特性分析

磁流变阻尼器因其低耗能、响应迅速等特点而被广泛应用。文章采用一种改进的Bingham模型对船舶辅机浮筏隔振装置中的非线性磁流变阻尼力进行建模。该模型简单且含滞后特性,便于理论分析。对建立的船舶辅机浮筏隔振系统的非线性动力学模型,通过平均法求解船舶辅机浮筏半主动隔振系统的理论解,并运用Matlab对理论解进行数值仿真验证。以力传递率作为评价指标,分析了磁流变阻尼器各参数对隔振效果的影响规律。研究结果可为非线性船舶辅机浮筏隔振系统的设计提供理论依据,从而能更有效地控制船舶辅机的振动。     

连续流交叉口左转非机动车交通组织创新设计

为解决连续流交叉口左转非机动车和直行机动车冲突问题,提出一种左转非机动车过街创新设计方案,对比常规设计和两步过街方案,将3种方案整合到一个统一的优化模型中。以交叉口机动车通过量最大为优化目标,建立混合整数非线性规划优化模型,将其转换为非线性模型以便于求解,并利用VISSIM仿真验证3种方案的运行效益。结果表明,两步过街和创新设计相对于常规设计能提升交叉口机动车通行能力,且在高流量场景下拥堵改善效果更佳,分别能降低 55.58%、57.18%的机动车延误;常规设计不适用于直行机动车流量较大的场景,两步过街和创新设计不适用于左转机动车流量较大的场景;常规设计和两步过街左转非机动车流量增加,会导致机动车通行能力迅速下降,创新设计受左转非机动车流量的影响较小,在各种流量场景下适用性较好。     

现役散货船板架结构稳定性研究

本文对现役散货船双层底结构的稳定性能进行研究,讨论了结构缺陷对稳定性的影响,提出带缺陷结构的稳定性计算方法,得出了计算双层底板架结构的非线性有限元方法,通过实例计算,证明了该方法的正确性与有效性.并讨论了装载情况对双层底结构稳定性的影响,将有限元方法的计算结果与工程中常用的正交异性板方法计算结果进行比较分析,得出了正交异性板方法的计算结果与实际结构承载能力的差距,并依此给出一修正系数,使正交异性板方法能更好地应用于实际工程.本文还对部分骨材开裂的双层底板架进行了非线性有限元分析,得出不同开裂情况下板架的临界载荷.最后文中还通过实船检测资料,对存在着腐蚀缺陷的双层底结构进行了缺陷分析,并与理想结构的临界载荷进行比较,得出了腐蚀状况对结构的稳定性的影响规律.