基于交叉口双站台的BRT 优先控制研究

为解决交叉口因BRT优先影响其他车辆通行问题，提出基于交叉口双站台的BRT 优先控制方法. 给出交叉口BRT双站台设置方法，对比分析BRT在交叉口单、双站台的平均延误. 根据BRT发车时刻、交叉口信号配时、BRT平均车速、交叉口间距及站台停靠时间等，制定 BRT站台预停靠方案和行车时刻表. 为确保BRT按照预停靠站台及时刻表运行，采用BRT车速引导与信号配时双重补偿修正BRT 实际离站时刻与时刻表的偏差. 以常州BRT 1 号线为例，对应用本文方法的5 个交叉口进行分析. 结果表明：BRT在每个站台实际离站时刻偏差范围为±5 s、±10 s、±20 s 时，本文优先控制方法显著减少BRT停车次数和延误，提高了BRT整体运营效率.     

基于改进极限学习机的公交站点 短时客流预测方法

以公交车IC 卡和GPS数据为基础，提出了一种基于改进粒子群算法优化极限学习机(IPSO-ELM)的公交站点短时客流预测模型.依托IC 卡和GPS 数据在站点的特征表现和内在联系，定义了站点间距，并分析了站间距和车辆到总站距离间的联系；提出了公交乘客上车站点确定方法，进而得到公交站点上车客流量；通过分析公交客流数据特征，确定ELM输入参数维度，并采用IPSO 算法找到ELM的最优隐含层节点参数；最后依托广州市19 路公交车客流数据仓库进行了方法验证.结果表明：所用优化后的ELM方法预测误差在10%以内，并与应用广泛的SVM、ARIMA和传统ELM模型进行对比分析，发现改进的ELM方法拥有更高的可靠性和泛化性能.     

Identifying preferences for public transport investments under a constrained budget

As urban areas face increasing demands for new transport infrastructure to promote a sustainable future with an increasing reality of constrained government budgets, the debate on whether we should focus on rail or bus-based investments continues unabated in many jurisdictions. Associated with the debate is an emotional (or ideological) bias by communities in favour of one mode, especially rail, which carries much sway at the political level as if there is no budget constraint. This paper presents a stated choice experiment to investigate this context as two unlabelled options described by 20 potential drivers of community preferences for improved public transport, where each choice scenario is conditioned on an estimated construction cost and a total annual transport infrastructure budget for the relevant geographical jurisdiction. This is followed by a labelling of each alternative to reveal whether the option is bus rapid transit (BRT) or light rail (LRT) and to establish whether this additional information influences preference revision. Data is collected in all eight capital cities of Australia in mid 2014. Mixed logit models with heteroscedastic conditioning in terms of the cost of the project infrastructure and whether the alternative is labelled BRT or LRT, provide new evidence on the nature and extent of community modal bias in a budget-constrained choice setting. The conclusions are twofold. On the one hand, if a fully compensatory choice rule is assumed (as is common in all previous modal comparison studies), LRT is predominantly preferred over BRT despite budgetary constraints, similarities in quality of service attributes and the opportunity to choose a greater network coverage for a given construction cost. However, when we allow for attribute non-attendance (a semi-compensatory choice rule), the modal bias is no longer a significant driver of preferences.     

Cost-effectiveness of reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from High-Speed Rail and urban transportation projects in California

A rising trend in state and federal transportation finance is to invest capital dollars into projects which reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, a key metric for comparing projects, the cost-effectiveness of GHG emissions reductions, is highly dependent on the cost-benefit methodology employed in the analysis. Our analysis comparing California High-Speed Rail and three urban transportation projects shows how four different accounting framings bring wide variations in cost per metric tonne of GHG emissions reduced. In our analysis, life-cycle GHG emissions are joined with full cost accounting to better understand the benefits of cap-and-trade investments. Considering only public subsidy for capital, none of the projects appear to be a cost-effective means to reduce GHG emissions (i.e., relative to the current price of GHG emissions in California’s cap-and-trade program at $12.21 per tonne). However, after adjusting for the change in private costs users incur when switching from the counterfactual mode (automobile or aircraft) to the mode enabled by the project, all investments appear to reduce GHG emissions at a net savings to the public. Policy and decision-makers who consider only the capital cost of new transportation projects can be expected to incorrectly assess alternatives and indirect benefits (i.e., how travelers adapt to the new mass transit alternative) should be included in decision-making processes.     

The planning and analysis of a new group rapid transit system: the SkyCabs monobeam system in Auckland

This paper examines a case study of the SkyCabs system as a way to alleviate some of the traffic problems of Auckland, New Zealand. SkyCabs is an elevated two-way monobeam carrying light eight-seater cabs on tracks on each side of the beam, available on demand, providing fast, pollution-free, unimpeded travel above the footpath with panoramic views of the city. The aim of this study is to investigate the attractiveness of implementing the SkyCabs system to and from Auckland central business district (CBD) and Auckland international airport by examining four variables: different routes, different number of stops/stations, different passenger demand levels, and different number of cabs in the system. The analysis utilizes geographical information system and simulation tools for the various scenarios considered. The results show that it is possible to assess the cost–benefit of alternative routes in terms of those four variables and rate of return on investment.     

Large-scale transit market segmentation with spatial-behavioural features

Transit market segmentation enables transit providers to comprehend the commonalities and heterogeneities among different groups of passengers, so that they can cater for individual transit riders’ mobility needs. The problem has recently been attracting a great interest with the proliferation of automated data collection systems such as Smart Card Automated Fare Collection (AFC), which allow researchers to observe individual travel behaviours over a long time period. However, there is a need for an integrated market segmentation method that incorporating both spatial and behavioural features of individual transit passengers. This algorithm also needs to be efficient for large-scale implementation. This paper proposes a new algorithm named Spatial Affinity Propagation (SAP) based on the classical Affinity Propagation algorithm (AP) to enable large-scale spatial transit market segmentation with spatial-behavioural features. SAP segments transit passengers using spatial geodetic coordinates, where passengers from the same segment are located within immediate walking distance; and using behavioural features mined from AFC data. The comparison with AP and popular algorithms in literature shows that SAP provides nearly as good clustering performance as AP while being 52% more efficient in computation time. This efficient framework would enable transit operators to leverage the availability of AFC data to understand the commonalities and heterogeneities among different groups of passengers.     

基于智能卡的高效远程口令识别方案

为了克服现有远程口令识别方案的缺陷，提出了一种基于离散对数和ElGamal公钥体制、用智能卡实现的远程口令识别方案．在此方案中，合法用户在注册阶段可以自由地选择自己的口令，在口令验证阶段服务器端无须存放用户的口令验证表．该方案可以抵御伪造攻击和重传攻击。     

牙周膜牵张成骨快速牙移动移动牙张力侧变化的X线观察

目的　观察移动牙快速移动时张力侧变化的X线表现 ,为牙周膜牵张成骨理论提供依据。方法　杂种犬 8只 ,拔除下颌两侧第二前磨牙 ,实验侧实施减阻 牵张措施 ,加力 1 4d后 ,停止加力固定 3 0d ;对照侧仅行拔牙术。 1、7、1 4、2 1、44d拍摄实验侧、对照侧咬合侧位片 ,观察移动牙张力侧的X线变化。结果　移动牙张力侧牙周膜加力期间有新骨迅速生成 ;停止加力 3 0d时 ,新生骨放射学特征与对照侧牙槽骨无显著差别。结论　移动牙快速移动时 ,张力侧牙周膜可以快速牵张成骨而不会造成龈下骨质缺损     

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快速公交系统具有“现代化、高等级、低费用、大容量”的特点，指出在我国大中城市实施该系统的优势，并结合《长春市城市公共交通发展规划》项目，在对长春市公交运营现状及快速公交系统六个主要特征具体分析的基拙上指出长春市实现快速公交系统的必要性和可行性.提出在长春市的主干道上构建“两纵两横”的“井”字型的城市公交专用道网络框架，以及与之相适应的专用车辆的选择、会交专用道的布设方案等，以期全面实现BRT系统.     

水泥砼路面错台快速修补材料的研究

采用正交设计的方法对快硬硫铝酸盐水泥和聚合物丁苯乳液进行配合比试验,确定出最佳水泥砼配合比,通过路用性能对比试验和耐久性对比试验表明,这种有机、无机多相复合的新型道路水泥砼能有效的弥补普通砼的缺点,具有优良的力学和路用性能:早期强度高,养护12 h即可开放交通,干缩小,耐久性能好,与旧路面之间层间黏结强度高,并且在错台高度仅为0.6 cm时,模拟错台修补效果很好,没有出现脱落和开裂.