考虑道路因素的智能车辆纵向运动决策与控制研究

针对智能车辆纵向运动时的交通道路适应性问题,考虑路面附着系数和前车运动速度等因素,研究了智能车辆纵向运动决策与控制方法。论文研究了基于车头时距的纵向运动决策方法并建立不同驾驶行为的目标车速模型,运用变论域模糊推理算法设计了目标加速度模型。基于纵向动力学模型,运用自适应反演滑模控制算法建立了驱动控制器和制动控制器。对高附着系数路面和低附着系数路面的行驶工况进行仿真试验验证,结果表明,在不同的附着系数路面和前车变速行驶条件下,智能车辆能实时、合理地决策目标车速、目标加速度,实现安全、高效、稳定的跟驰。     

汽车风洞双车试验来流湍流特征研究

基于自主研发的真实道路来流参数测量系统,对多地区、多场景真实道路行驶来流湍流强度进行了测试,发现车辆道路行驶时来流湍流强度远高于风洞水平,道路平均湍流强度为4%,沿海地区湍流强度最高可达20%,在跟车或超车时湍流强度可达 28%。在汽车风洞内模拟了道路行驶跟车、超车等试验场景,对测试车辆气流环境进行了采集分析。结果表明,跟车和超车时,后车来流湍流强度较高且伴随有速度损失,湍流强度及速度损失大小与前车尺寸和跟车距离有关,湍流强度分布范围为2%～33%,与道路实测相当,且速度损失最大为19%。进一步探究了前车放置角度、风洞风速对后车来流湍流强度的影响规律,建立对后车来流湍流强度定量调节的方法。完成了双车风噪测试,结果表明,风洞内高湍流强度环境车内风噪测试调制频谱结果与道路行驶测试结果相符,车内风噪频谱曲线差异主要集中在小于70 Hz的低频段。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

Uncertain demand,modal competition and optimal price-capacity adjustments in air transportation

A new microeconomic model for the operation of an airline facing modal competition with uncertain total demand is developed to analyze optimal price capacity combinations. The novelty is the treatment of the capacity restriction, which is not viewed as affecting negatively individual preferences (e.g. probability of a full flight), but does influence aggregate utility. A mode choice model is used to represent unrestricted individual preferences assuming full availability (phone call demand); air capacity is treated as a variable that acts on the actual choice set. Restricted choices and total demand stochasticity are integrated in welfare calculations (users' benefits and profits). Numerical examples are given and results are analyzed in terms of load factors fare levels, and sensitivity to the stochasticity of requests.This research was partially funded by FONDECYT, Chile, Direction Génerale de l'Aviation Civile, France, the Andes Foundation and the Fulbright Commission.     

合安高速公路路面工程机械化施工管理

简述了合安高速公路路面工程机械化施工的机械合理配置、优化组合和有效的管理制度，对路面质量、工程进度和经济效益的直接影响。     

筑路机械事故隐患分析与预防

与筑路机械相关的施工事故占道路施工事故中的绝大部分。因此，建立合理的筑路机械事故隐患分析与预防体系关系到施工企业、人员的切身利益。从筑路机械的设计拆卸安装、调试及使用中的各方面对事故隐患进行了分析，并阐述了事故预防体系。     

提高沥青-酸性集料抗水损害的试验研究

针对酸性集料与沥青粘附性差、混合料水敏感性大的难题 ,根据配位键理论采用含铬外加剂处理酸性集料 ,显著提高沥青与酸性集料的粘附性。用强化的冻融劈裂试验评价混合料水损害 ,对比试验说明经过含铬外加剂处理后的酸性集料混合料劈裂强度比提高显著 ,长期抗水损害性能也较好。     

级配碎石混合料的动力变形特性

采用在古典 C.B.R法的基础上 ,施加动荷载的简化试验方法 ,分析级配碎石混合料的动力变形特性 ,可用永久变形、弹性模量双指标指导混合料的组成设计 ,而合理的级配碎石基层材料组成 ,应考虑到材料与振动碾压工艺的相互作用。     

高速公路路堤和路面软基病害检测及加固处理

某高速公路 K1 0 4 2 0 0～K1 0 6 5 0 0段穿过鱼塘 ,路堤采用钢渣水中挤淤法施工 ,通车后路面出现了严重的纵向裂缝、车辙、沉陷 ,影响了路面的使用性能 ,同时路堤存在滑动的隐患 ,必须进行加固处理。为此 ,首先通过系统检测 ,分析路面裂缝产生的原因 ,然后提出针对性的加固处理方案 ,最终实施加固处理施工 ,所取得的成果对其它高速公路的维修加固具有参考价值     

常规沥青的针入度等级和PG高温等级间的关系

选取了具有代表性和涵盖性的7种常规沥青试样,分别进行了薄膜烘箱老化前后的25℃针入度和多个温度下的动态剪切试验;测试了沥青胶浆以及经现场老化的常规沥青的25℃针入度及其PG高温指标。在综合分析各种沥青的试验结果的基础上,提出了常规沥青的针入度等级和SUPERPAVE的PG高温等级间的关系。