Real-time estimation of road–tyre adherence for motorcycles

Improving braking skills of a rider supported by a real-time training device embedded in the motorcycle represents a possible strategy to deal with safety issues associated with the use of powered two wheelers. A challenging aspect of the braking trainer system is the evaluation of the adherence between tyre and road surface on each wheel. This paper presents a possible method to evaluate the current and maximum adherence during a braking manoeuvre. The proposed approach was positively validated through multi-body simulations and experimental data acquired in naturalistic riding conditions.     

电动操纵负荷系统俯仰通道参数整定研究

电动操纵负荷系统是飞行模拟机的重要组成部分，用于向飞行员提供逼真的力感模拟。当需要控制操纵负荷系统的作动器时，通常按照相关的机构（控制杆）把控制器放在电机驱动器做一个模型，然后整定控制参数。然而，开发操纵负荷系统时，有时并不知道机械机构的参数。这意味着建立操纵负荷系统的模型是困难的，因此需要有效的方法解决操纵负荷系统的系统控制参数整定问题。文中论述了一种基于波德图的有效的飞行模拟机操纵负荷系统的参数整定技术。     

现代雷达对抗仿真系统的设计思想

雷达对抗仿真系统主要用于鉴定雷达对抗系统和设备的性能,为技术改进和选取技术指标提供科学依据。在积累的雷达电子对抗试验经验和学习的先进试验方法的基础上,提出了用于试验鉴定的现代雷达对抗仿真系统的设计思想。给出仿真系统框图和各主要部分功能,为了试验方便,在设置环境参数时提出了静态模式和动态模式,并对部分关键技术给出了解决办法。     

Tuning and objective performance evaluation of a driving simulator to investigate tyre behaviour in on-centre handling manoeuvres

Driving simulation aims at reproducing, within a safe and controlled environment, sensorial stimuli as close to those perceived during the actual drive as possible, in order to induce driving behaviour similar to the real one. This paper illustrates an activity carried out on the driving simulator Virtual Environment for Road Safety, bound for system performance optimisation while dealing with subjective and objective tyres evaluation in the field of on-centre manoeuvres. Such activity can be divided into two main steps. The first one, described herewith, has been focusing on platform motion algorithms tuning and has led to driving simulator objective validation within the on-centre range. Device capability of reproducing dynamics, worked out by the vehicle model, has been thoroughly examined. Simulator sensitivity to a few tyre parameters influencing vehicle lateral dynamics has been analysed too. The second step – calling for the support of experienced drivers – will pursue subjective validation.     

Model predictive driving simulator motion cueing algorithm with actuator-based constraints

The simulator motion cueing problem has been considered extensively in the literature; approaches based on linear filtering and optimal control have been presented and shown to perform reasonably well. More recently, model predictive control (MPC) has been considered as a variant of the optimal control approach; MPC is perhaps an obvious candidate for motion cueing due to its ability to deal with constraints, in this case the platform workspace boundary. This paper presents an MPC-based cueing algorithm that, unlike other algorithms, uses the actuator positions and velocities as the constraints. The result is a cueing algorithm that can make better use of the platform workspace whilst ensuring that its bounds are never exceeded. The algorithm is shown to perform well against the classical cueing algorithm and an algorithm previously proposed by the authors, both in simulation and in tests with human drivers.     

驾驶模拟器运动系统对跟驰行为平稳性影响分析

跟驰过程中跟驰车速、跟车间距的波动性表征了驾驶员跟驰行为平稳性.利用8自由度高逼真驾驶模拟器,通过开启关闭运动系统构建动静态模拟器,分析运动系统对不同跟驰状态下驾驶员跟驰行为平稳性的影响.动态模拟器相对于静态模拟器对比结果表明:加速跟驰状态下,跟驰车速、跟车间距平稳性分别提高了12.5%和27.4%;减速跟驰状态下,跟驰车速、跟车间距平稳性分别提高了27.4%和22.9%;稳定跟驰状态下,在跟驰车速为10 km/h、40 km/h和80 km/h时,跟驰车速平稳性分别提高了30.7%、22.2%和17.6%,跟车间距平稳性分别提高了23.6%、37.9%和17.0%.显著性检验结果表明:在跟驰车速为40 km/h的稳定跟驰状态下,跟驰车速和跟车间距在动静态模拟下的平稳性存在显著差异;加速跟驰状态下,动静态模拟器下驾驶员跟车间距平稳性存在显著性差异;减速跟驰状态下,动静态模拟器下驾驶员跟驰车速平稳性存在显著性差异.研究成果为开展驾驶模拟实验的动静态模拟器的选择提供了参考.     

触控式航海模拟器人机交互系统优化设计

触控操作便捷高效,已成为下一代船舶驾驶台操控的趋势,为适应实船操控的发展,提高船员培训效率,节约培训成本,减少硬件人机交互系统损耗的目的,在航海模拟器中很有必要开发触控式人机交互系统.以V.Dragon-4000型航海模拟器硬件人机交互系统为参考,采用WPF框架搭建软件人机交互系统界面,运用C#语言后台编写逻辑实现交互功能.优化设计的触控式人机交互系统操作灵敏、形象逼真,且可以根据操作需要改变界面大小,经接入到航海模拟器进行检验,可以替代硬件人机交互系统在航海模拟器中使用.与原有交互系统进行比较,该交互系统可以提高航海模拟器的运行效率.     

无纵向风下环境压强对拱顶最高温度影响数值研究

为了给高海拔隧道火灾防灾救援设计提供参考依据，通过火灾动态模拟软件(FDS)建立全尺寸模型隧道，设置5种不同环境压强，研究环境压强对隧道火灾拱顶最高温度的影响。结果表明： 1)相同火源热释放速率(HRR)下，拱顶最高温度随着压强降低而增大； 2)环境压强降低引起的空气密度与卷吸强度变化是造成拱顶最高温度变化的主要原因。基于理论分析和数值计算结果，提出考虑环境压强的拱顶最高温度预测模型。预测模型拱顶最高温度与考虑环境压强的无量纲热释放速率的2/3次幂成正比，试验数据验证了预测模型的可靠性。     

可拆装式小型科研汽车驾驶模拟器台架设计

针对小型科研型汽车驾驶模拟器开发,论文进行了可拆装式台架设计。对台架进行了总体设计说明,介绍了各部分组成和功能,分别介绍了基础支架设计、转向操纵机构设计、路感电机和电子踏板的选取。基础支架由若干角钢通过螺栓连接而成,便于拆卸和组装。转向操纵机构设计主要对转向盘进行了选取,对转向轴长度、轴径、轴键进行了设计计算,设计了高度可调转向柱。根据驾驶模拟器阻力模拟需要,对路感电机进行了合理选择。对电子踏板进行了选取,从人机工程学角度对踏板安装角度进行设计。所设计驾驶模拟器便于拆装,能够较好地模拟转向盘路感,符合人机工程学设计要求。     

无限速标志条件下左侧路肩宽度对驾驶员综合影响的试验研究

依托驾驶模拟舱,在不控制驾驶员行驶速度的基础上,考察了左侧路肩的安全影响。通过搭建不同左侧路肩宽度的模拟驾驶场景,实时记录了反映驾驶员注视行为、生心理状态与机动车行驶状态的数据,利用统计分析工具(方差分析和对比分析)对数据进行了处理和分析。研究结果表明:左侧路肩对驾驶员的注视行为与车辆的侧位移有影响,尤其是当路肩宽度为0.75 m和1.5 m时,左侧路肩对驾驶员有较大的积极影响;左侧路肩不会增加驾驶员的心理负荷。基于此,选取0.75 m为左侧路肩宽度的最小值,并以1.5 m为左侧路肩宽度的推荐值。