隧道超前地质预报方法选取研究与应用

通过对隧道超前地质预报的几种物探方法的理论分析,揭示各种方法的使用前提及最终所得参数和信息,在此基础上总结出各种方法的优缺点和适宜范围。提出以地质分析为核心与指导,选择探测突变参数,多方法综合对比分析的物探方法选取原则,使物探方法的选择更有针对性,所得到的解译结果物性差异明显,便于分析判别,并提高预报的准确性。     

城市轨道交通需求预测方法比较

针对常用的"四阶段"法在轨道交通需求预测中存在的不足,提出轨道交通客流分配应将全人口全方式出行量在综合交通网络中进行分配的观点,并应用赋权有向图相关理论构造"综合交通网络",提出轨道交通需求预测的"三阶段"方法。     

CFG桩沉降变形特性对比分析

通过现场CFG桩沉降变形测试,可为研究高速铁路CFG桩复合地基的工作性状、加固机理和沉降特性提供试验支持。检验目前CFG桩设计采用的参数及方案,可为确定CFG桩的设计方法和沉降变形计算理论提供实测依据,并为工程方案的优化提供技术支持。     

高速公路交通量预测失准分析

以沪宁高速公路为研究依据,分析交通预测量与实际交通量的差异,总结失准规律,并从预测方法和模型上找出失准原因,并提出几点建议,这对于更加准确地预测高速公路的交通量,提高预测方法的科学性和合理性,具有重要的作用。     

交通运输事故隐患跟踪管理系统开发研究

事故隐患跟踪管理系统主要针对交通运输部门对隐患识别、隐患上报、隐患控制、隐患消除进行全过程的隐患跟踪管理,并以此为依据开发基于B/S实现的交通运输部门隐患跟踪管理系统,以实现交通运输部门不同层级的企事业单位对隐患管理的网络化办公,提高交通行业的安全隐患管理效率,做到防范于未然,把安全隐患消灭在萌芽状态。     

基于SPSS主成分分析法在公路客运量预测中的应用

分析选取影响公路客运量的主要因素,基于SPSS统计软件对各因素进行主成分分析,将众多相关因素简化为少数不相关因素,消除由于变量过多导致的多重共线性影响,构建了河南省公路客运量预测模型。实例证明,该模型具有较高的精度,能够满足河南省公路客运量预测的需要。     

智能分布式驱动汽车路径跟踪/制动能量回收协同控制策略研究

为了解决智能分布式驱动汽车路径跟踪与制动能量回收系统间的协同控制难题,充分考虑分布式驱动汽车四轮扭矩独立可控在智能驾驶系统中的优势,设计适应不同路面附着条件的智能分布式驱动汽车转向、制动分层协同控制策略。上层控制器依据不同的路面类型设计差异化的多目标代价函数,以综合优化各工况下的控制目标。高附路面下,制定满足最大能量回收值的全局参考车速,在线优化路径跟踪指令,实现最优能量回收的同时减小系统运算负荷;低附路面下,优先考虑车辆的路径跟踪性能和行驶稳定性,在多目标代价函数中取消对全局参考车速的跟随要求,增设终端速度约束与能量回收项性能指标并减小能量回收项性能指标的权重系数。上层控制器基于模型预测控制方法对多目标代价函数进行滚动优化与预测求解,得到期望的前轮转角及4个车轮的总制动扭矩需求。下层控制器根据制动扭矩需求对四轮的液压制动扭矩和电机制动扭矩进行分配,最终完成整个复合制动过程。基于MATLAB/Simulink和CarSim软件,搭建控制器在环仿真平台,并在高附和低附路面条件下对所提出的策略进行试验验证。研究结果表明：高附路面下,所提出的控制策略在准确跟踪期望路径的同时相较固定比例制动力分配方法可提升2.7%的能量回收值并减少约0.02 s的单次计算时间;低附路面下,与使用高附控制策略相比,能够保证车辆的路径跟踪准确性与行驶稳定性,同时可提升7.8%的能量回收值;控制器在环试验结果证明了该协同控制策略对车辆性能提升的有效性。     

冬季巴士海峡偏北大风的分析与预报

本文通过冬季巴士海峡偏北大风个例的计算分析，认为大气的不稳定、狭管效应对该海区偏北大风的形成起重要作用。并在此基础上，提出了适用于船舶的预报此类大风的方法。     

Camera calibration and vehicle tracking: Highway traffic video analytics

We describe a real-time highway surveillance system (RHSS), which operates autonomously to collect statistics (speed and volume) and generates incident alerts (e.g., stopped vehicles). The system is designed to optimize long-term real-time performance accuracy. It also provides convenient integration to an existing surveillance infrastructure with different levels of service. Innovations include a novel 3-D Hungarian algorithm which is utilized for object tracking and a practical, hands-off mechanism for camera calibration. Speed is estimated based on trajectories after mapping/alignment with respect to dominant paths learned based on an evolutionary dynamics model. The system, RHSS, is intensively evaluated under different scenarios such as rain, low-contrast and high-contrast lightings. Performance is presented in comparison to a current commercial product. The contribution is innovation of new technologies that enable hands-off calibration (i.e., automatic detection of vanishing points) and improved accuracy (i.e., illumination balancing, tracking via a new 3-D Hungarian algorithm, and re-initialization of background detection on-the-fly). Results indicate the capability and applicability of the proposed system in real-time and real-world settings.     

About the possibilities of using the renewable energy power sources on railway transport

Several electrification systems based on renewable energy power sources (first of all, solar energy) are discussed in respect to their applicability to railway transport and, in particular, to suburban electric trains. Two systems are considered with basic technical details and economic estimation, both including the onboard bank of batteries and the photovoltaic converters (PVC) of solar energy for compensation of energy expenses, which could be positioned either on stations or on wagon's roofs. Sun‐tracking systems and their effect on the solar energy conversion efficiency are discussed in application to stationary and moving PVC platforms. An analysis made shows that introduction of the “green” systems discussed will not only have positive ecological impact, but also can bring a notable economical effect even with today's components, while it could be considerably greater with the usage of new PVCs, which are being developed by the authors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.