Public transit subsidies, output effect and total factor productivity

This paper extends previous works on total factor productivity decomposition when firms receive both operating and capital subsidies. It shows that previous works considered either the lump-sum or substitution effects of these subsidies but not together. Using constrained cost minimization as the framework it offers formal proofs to show that cost increases are inevitable if the total effects of the subsidies are considered, and that total factor productivity growth results from increasing amounts of subsidies under economies of scale and in the absence of technical change. Applications of the decomposition equations derived to a sample of transit systems finds near constant returns to scale and negative contributions of these subsidies to total factor productivity growth. Technical change reverses this decline and results in total factor productivity growth. Further, it finds that the lump-sum effects of the subsidies reduce total factor productivity more than does the substitution effect.     

汽车内饰品质感的感知模态研究

基于汽车内饰品质感的感知模态进行研究,首先分析汽车内饰品质感,然后阐述汽车内饰品质感的感知模态差异实验,其主要内容有:样本挑选、实验方法和实验结果等,最后分析汽车内饰品质感与感知模态的关系,希望能为相关人士提供些许参考意见。     

Parallel computing with domain decomposition for the vehicle crashworthiness simulation

The research presented in the paper deals with explicit nonlinear finite element calculation with domain decomposition for vehicle crashworthiness simulation. This is very important for vehicle design. Parallel computing is an efficient solution method to speedup and enhance the solving ability of large-scale numerical simulation. In this paper, a cost-effective domain decomposition method based on contact balance is presented, and the algorithm flowchart including contact computing is provided, and the parallel computing process and communication overhead are analyzed. Furthermore, scalability of the parallel computing method on different hardware platforms, the SGI Onyx 3800 and the ShenWei cluster, is studied. Finally, the effect of different domain decomposition strategy on vehicle crashworthiness simulation computing efficiency is presented. To end users, the research results should provide a reference for vehicle design and choosing appropriate hardware platform and computing software.     

主动悬架系统控制策略研究

文章设计一种主动悬架控制策略,通过建立四分之一车辆主动悬架系统模型,设计模糊滑模控制策略对主动悬架系统进行控制,并使用Matlab/Simulink软件对所建立的模型进行仿真分析。通过仿真结果验证了所建模型和控制策略的准确性,同时也改善了悬架系统的性能。     

电动助力转向系统滑模变控制技术研究

以电动助力转向系统中直流助力电机的控制器为研究对象，依据助力电机的数学模型，应用带观测器补偿的滑模变结构控制方法，设计了滑模变控制器，通过调节助力电机的电压，获得预期的输出电流。仿真结果表明，所设计的滑模变控制器使助力电机具有很好的动态性能，系统基本无抖动现象，实现了助力电机输出电流对目标电流的跟踪特性。     

基于工况分布的重型环卫货车 NOx排放模型

为提高城市重型环卫货车的NOx排放测算精度，本文提出一个基于工况分布的重型环卫货车NOx排放模型.首先，根据基于实测逐秒速度数据分析的环卫重型货车工况特征和 NO_x排放特性对不同负载货车的 VSP区间进行划分；其次，结合货车瞬时速度建立不同负载的环卫重型货车运行模式区间划分方法，并对不同负载货车NO_x排放因子进行测算.结果显示，空载货车在速度区间[0, 20) km/h 上，NOx排放因子大于满载，其他速度区间上相反.与基于 MOVES模型测算结果对比，在不同速度区间上，基于 MOVES的测算结果均比本文提出模型的测算结果偏低，如在低速区间[0，20) km/h，中速区间[20，50) km/h，高速区间[50，+∞) km/h：空载行驶时，分别低24.67%、6.82%和23.81%；满载行驶时，分别低12.38%、18.81%和26.43%.     

区间信号设备维修轨道车使用方式探讨

阐述温福客专铁路现行区间信号设备维修作业组织方式及所遇到的困难,通过比较说明使用轨道车进行区间信号设备检修作业的优越性;提出电务共用工务轨道车的3种方案并进行优劣性比较探讨。     

国内外高速铁路建设与运营模式比较

高速铁路的建设和发展对提高客货运输能力起到重要作用,此文在分析国内外高速铁路建设与运营组织模式的基础上,总结归纳其建设与运营组织模式的类别及其选择规律,为我国高速铁路的发展、建设、运营组织模式的选择提供参考依据.     

区级海绵城市建设规划中指标管控方法探讨

针对区级海绵城市建设规划中管控单元划分和指标分解等关键环节,提出最小管控单元和管控指标源头-系统两级分解体系.上海市虹口区的案例表明,最小管控单元可有效衔接源头地块、控规单元和排水系统,管控指标源头-系统两级分解体系可有效体现系统性工程在海绵指标中的贡献,合理减轻源头项目的达标压力.     

清单计价模式下施工企业工程项目成本控制

实施工程量清单计价后,工程造价的费用组成发生了变化,施工项目的成本组成也发生了相应的变化,故对施工项目成本控制的方法也需要做一定程度的调整。