Model predictive control with constraints for a nonlinear adaptive cruise control vehicle model in transition manoeuvres

A vehicle following control law, based on the model predictive control method, to perform transition manoeuvres (TMs) for a nonlinear adaptive cruise control (ACC) vehicle is presented in this paper. The TM controller ultimately establishes a steady-state following distance behind a preceding vehicle to avoid collision, keeping account of acceleration limits, safe distance, and state constraints. The vehicle dynamics model is for continuous-time domain and captures the real dynamics of the sub-vehicle models for steady-state and transient operations. The ACC vehicle can execute the TM successfully and achieves a steady-state in the presence of complex dynamics within the constraint boundaries.     

从屡发船撞桥事故中反思对技术决策的二点浅见

针对我国通航的河流上,船撞桥这一恶性事故的不断发生,不能不引起人们反思。为此,该文对有关单位在技术决策上、设计理念上、通航孔的标准等级上、防护管理上提出一些建议,望能引起有关高层决策上的重视,及时采取有效措施,促使类似事件减少、减轻、甚至达到避免灾难的发生,真正贯彻,"以人为本"为核心的科学发展观,统筹兼顾地落到实处。     

CAD与EXCEL的深层开发在高桩码头沉桩中的应用

主要介绍了CAD、EXCEL软件VB二次开发的打桩一键通软件,该软件在高桩码头桩基工程中可"全自动"、"全智能"绘制桩位图、碰桩图,并且根据碰桩条件自动检查碰桩情况。大量减少了技术人员的复核验算工作,通过一个按键使打桩技术中的计算、绘图变得简单、方便。     

国际海上避碰规则下锚泊船避免碰撞义务的探讨

锚泊船舶与他船发生碰撞在海上船舶碰撞的案例中并不少见,海事局或者海事法院对碰撞责任进行认定时,一般都认为锚泊船舶没有碰撞责任或者承担很小比例的责任。本文分析了在《1972年国际海上避碰规则》(以下简称《避碰规则》)下,锚泊船舶与他船发生碰撞的几种类型,对如何理解《避碰规则》下锚泊船舶的避让义务提出一些看法,进行探讨。     

高桩码头异常靠泊有限元仿真模拟

船舶大型化、靠泊作业频繁、管理漏洞以及某些不可抗力因素造成异常靠泊事故时有发生。目前,码头在异常靠泊情况下的受力及位移特性尚不明确,损伤评估缺乏理论基础,为使现场检测更有针对性,利用ANSYS有限元结构分析软件建立了受损码头的数学模型,考虑了桩土间相互作用及橡胶护舷对碰撞的缓冲作用。将模型碰撞损伤结果与码头实际受损情况进行对比,简要分析了碰撞中部分结构受力极值的相对关系和位移情况。结果表明：在该碰撞实例条件下,模型运行基本可反映异常靠泊发生时高桩码头结构损伤情况。     

基于Matlab平台的船舶避碰模型研究

根据本船的运动参数及连续两次观测所得到的目标船的相对方位和距离,运用避碰几何原理,在Matlab平台下建立了船舶避碰真运动模型,可以得到目标船运动参数及本船的避让措施和恢复航向的时机,并给出真运动轨迹图。文中还选择船舶会遇的典型实例对本模型进行了验证,结果表明,模型模拟的结果正确,对实际避碰行动有参考价值。     

基于RCAR试验的电动SUV低速保险杠耐撞性研究

为研究某款纯电动SUV保险杠在低速正面碰撞工况下的耐撞指标,提高其耐撞性能。首先依据RCAR保险杠低速碰撞试验及评价方法,建立某纯电动SUV正面全宽低速保险杠碰撞有限元模型;其次,从防撞梁、吸能盒的吸能和变形以及车体损坏情况等对仿真结果进行分析。结果表明,模型防撞梁强度不足,导致吸能盒未发挥低速吸能效果,风扇受到挤压。最后从防撞梁截面型式、材料,厚度3个影响防撞梁强度的因素出发,提出3种优化改进方案。研究表明,方案3防撞梁低速碰撞耐撞性最好,在满足轻量化要求的同时满足了RCAR测试的要求。     

道路运输车辆达标车型整车主动安全项目测试简析

道路运输车辆达标车型的实施,有效提升了道路运输车辆的安全性能。文章主要从电子稳定性控制系统、车道偏离预警系统、前向碰撞预警系统、自动紧急制动系统四个整车主动安全测试项目对道路运输车辆达标车型相应标准进行介绍,为道路运输车辆达标车型相关从业人员提供了主动安全整车项目试验参考。     

Simplified buckling-and-contact-based expansion method for assessment of crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structure

Ship-to-ship collision events can have severe consequences such as loss of life and environmental degradation. For this reason, modern ship designs are required to incorporate a double-hulled structure to prevent inner-hull damage from such events. Using the experimental or numerical method to analyze the crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structures entails much effort, for which reason neither method is easy to adopt at the early design stage. In this paper, an existing simplified method called Ito's method is improved by a new buckling-and-contact-based expansion method. This method can be applied to double-hulled-structure or outer-hull-local-rupture failure mode. The perpendicular bow-to-side collision scenario is assumed for a conservative estimation of damage to a double-hulled structure. The method was verified in the present study by numerical ship collision simulations of several cases. The results for the buckling-and-contact-based expansion method and numerical simulation were similar for a blunt shape of striking body but different for a sharp shape.     

用危险预警系统实现汽车的主动安全性

介绍了汽车行驶危险预警系统的组成及其子系统的功能 ,讨论了如何运用该系统实现汽车行驶时的几种危险预警的主动安全性能 ,并探讨了安全车距的数学模型及其在系统中的应用