空气悬架系统的干涉应力分析

由于国内特殊的路面条件,导致有些国外比较成熟的产品在国内却出现了很多故障。以几种国内客车常用的典型空气悬架系统的结构分析为例,分析了“干涉应力”产生的原因及可能产生的后果。指出:大部分空气悬架发生故障是由于悬架系统存在“干涉应力,”而悬架结构设计不合理是导致悬架系统产生“干涉应力”的主要原因。建议在设计悬架系统时,尽量避免导致系统产生“干涉应力”的结构出现。     

应用PQI评价沥青路面离析的研究

沥青路面施工过程中会出现不同程度的离析,以往判断施工离析的方法主要凭借肉眼观察和钻芯取样,缺乏科学性和可信性。由于没有合适的测量手段和评价方法,导致对于离析的判断处于破损性检测和定性评价的阶段。文章介绍在某高速公路沥青下面层施工过程质量检测中,采用PQI(Pavement Quality Indicator)快速、无破损检测路面的空隙率,直观定性分析路面离析的情况和找到离析的原因,然后利用统计分析的方法可以定量评价路面离析程度及范围。     

大客车空气弹簧动态特性的试验分析

空气弹簧具有变刚度特性，其振动频率要比钢板弹簧低得多。对客车用空气簧动态特性进行了试验分析。结果表明，空气弹簧在多种载荷工况下特性曲线具有相似性，说明一种空气弹簧适合于多种载荷的汽车；空气弹簧的动刚度主要取决于激励频率，在低频范围内幅值比较小，高频范围内幅值比较大。     

汽车空气悬架的现状展趋势

在相同的载荷作用下，空气弹簧可以得到比钢板弹簧低得多的振动频率，从而提高行驶平中性；空气弹簧具有变刚度特性，固有频率可以根据需要而适当地改变，由于其具有优良的性质，使得空气悬架在汽车悬架系统中的应用越来越广泛，在国外已渐渐发展成为标准装备，中对空气悬架的现状及发展趋势进行了阐述，同时分析了空气悬架的结构和工作原理，空气弹簧的特性及其在整车中的布置方式。     

汽车自动空调的电控系统及其维修

以日本丰田ＬｅｘｕｓＬＳ４００ＵＣＦ１０型汽车用微机控制折自动调系统为例，介绍了汽车自动空调电控系统的组成，以以系统中各元器件的结构、功能及维修方法，并论述了电子控制单元的控制功能和电控系统的自我诊断功能。     

船舶气囊下水工艺实践与发展前景

本文叙述船舶气囊下水新工艺在我国内河中、小型船厂近年来的实践，提出和总结气囊下水工艺有关计算方法和注意事项。鉴于气囊下水新工艺有其独特的优越性，并随着气囊制造质量和下水工艺不断完善提高，气囊下水新工艺必会有较好的发展前景，下水船舶重量期望可提高到2000t。     

浅谈重卡进气系统发展趋势

随着国家对于节能减排的重视程度日益增强,相关法规对整车的排放性能、能耗水平的要求不断提高。进气系统对动力性、经济性、排放性能都有较大影响,因此进气系统的设计是否合理对整车性能能否达成有较大影响。文章以重卡进气系统为例,介绍了进气系统的作用,结构组成,近年来应用的新技术以及未来的发展趋势,文章对进气系统的设计具有一定指导作用。     

凌志400型轿车安全气囊的检修

介绍了丰田凌志４００型轿车安全气囊的组成、工作原理、故障代码的读取和清除，以及安全气囊检修的注意事项。     

Experimental design influences on stated choice outputs: An empirical study in air travel choice

Discrete choice experiments are conducted in the transport field to obtain data for investigating travel behaviour and derived measures such as the value of travel time savings. The multinomial logit (MNL) and other more advanced discrete choice models (e.g., the mixed MNL model) have often been estimated on data from stated choice experiments and applied for planning and policy purposes. Determining efficient underlying experimental designs for these studies has become an increasingly important stream of research, in which the objective is to generate stated choice tasks that maximize the collected information, yielding more reliable parameter estimates. These theoretical advances have not been rigorously tested in practice, such that claims on whether the theoretical efficiency gains translate into practice cannot be made. Using an extensive empirical study of air travel choice behaviour, this paper presents for the first time results of different stated choice experimental design approaches, in which respective estimation results are compared. We show that D-efficient designs keep their promise in lowering standard errors in estimating, thereby requiring smaller sample sizes, ceteris paribus, compared to a more traditional orthogonal design. The parameter estimates found using an orthogonal design or an efficient design turn out to be statistically different in several cases, mainly attributed to more or less dominant alternatives existing in the orthogonal design. Furthermore, we found that small designs with a limited number of choice tasks performs just as good (or even better) than a large design. Finally, we show that theoretically predicted sample sizes using the so-called S-estimates provide a good lower bound. This paper will enable practitioners in better understanding the potential benefits of efficient designs, and enables policy makers to make decisions based on more reliable parameter estimates.     

Much Ado about Nothing? - An analysis of economic impacts and ecologic effects of the EU-emission trading scheme in the aviation industry

From 2012 on, all CO₂ emissions from flights departing from or arriving at airports within the European Union have to be offset. We analyze the economic and ecological impacts that are caused by an inclusion of the aviation industry into the proposed emissions trading scheme (ETS). Building on the now fixed system design we employ a simulation model to estimate the impacts of the scheme. Our results indicate that financial impacts are highly dependant on external settings, such as allowance prices and demand growth. We show that the financial burden on the aviation industry will be rather modest in the first years after the introduction of the system and therefore induce only low competition distortions. Likewise, emission reductions within air transportation will be comparably low. While aviation will induce a decline of emissions in other sectors, significant absolute reductions within air transportation can only be reached by a more restrictive system design.