船舶间的协议避碰

当船舶双方存在特殊的碰撞危险时,往往通过达成临时的避碰协议,确保船舶安全避让。由于协议避碰大量存在,建议认真探讨避碰协议的法律性质、取证方法和注意事项,尽快明确避碰协议的法律地位。     

Unified decision-making and control for highway collision avoidance using active front steer and individual wheel torque control

ABSTRACT

Collision avoidance is a crucial function for all ground vehicles, and using integrated chassis systems to support the driver presents a growing opportunity in active safety. With actuators such as in-wheel electric motors, active front steer and individual wheel brake control, there is an opportunity to develop integrated chassis systems that fully support the driver in safety critical situations. Here we consider the scenario of an impending frontal collision with a stationary or slower moving vehicle in the same driving lane. Traditionally, researchers have approached the required collision avoidance manoeuver as a hierarchical scheme, which separates the decision-making, path planning and path tracking. In this context, a key decision is whether to perform straight-line braking, or steer to change lanes, or indeed perform combined braking and steering. This paper approaches the collision avoidance directly from the perspective of constrained dynamic optimisation, using a single optimisation procedure to cover these aspects within a single online optimisation scheme of model predictive control (MPC). While the new approach is demonstrated in the context of a fully autonomous safety system, it is expected that the same approach can incorporate driver inputs as additional constraints, yielding a flexible and coherent driver assistance system.     

乘用车前端车体架构规划

随着中国新车评价规程C-NCAP 2021版和中国保险汽车安全指数C-IASI 2018的正式实施,市场对乘用车的全正面刚性壁障(Front Rigid Barrier, FRB)、50%移动渐进可变形壁障(Moving Progressive Deformable Barrier, MPDB)、25%小偏置刚性壁障(Small Overlap Rigid Barrier, SORB)和行人保护有了严格的检测标准。为此,汽车厂商和汽车设计研究机构都在寻找各方面(性能/质量/成本/空间/整车尺寸等)相对均衡的方案。根据碰撞的方向和位置的不同,车体可以分为前端、后端和侧端,针对乘用车前端碰撞密切相关的前端车体架构,在深入研究国内、国外汽车公司和研究机构的做法及建议的基础上,结合实车的仿真和试验,进行分析、探讨。     

中国沿海商船避让渔船浅析

文章在分析渔船种类和特点的基础上,就如何针对不同种类的渔船采取正确的避碰措施进行分析。并且从商船保持正规了望、正确设计航线、掌握紧急情况的处理方法、加强安全航行监督和管理四个方面进行分析和探讨,并提出了一些建议和看法。     

拖网渔船避碰行为的不确定性分析

通过对交叉相遇局面中单拖网渔船避碰行为的实际调查，应用信息熵理论，建立了避碰行为的不确定性模型。借助对交叉相遇局面中的让路船在不同距离、不同DCPA时采取避碰行动的不确定性分析，为相应局面中的船舶避碰决策提供参考。     

Evaluation of automotive forward collision warning and collision avoidance algorithms

Collision warning/collision avoidance (CW/CA) systems target a major crash type and their development is a major thrust of the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative. They are a natural extension of adaptive cruise control systems already available on many car models. Many CW/CA algorithms have recently been proposed but the existing literature mainly focuses on algorithm development. Evaluations of these algorithms have been usually based on subjective ratings. The main contribution of this paper is the utilization of a naturalistic driving data set for the evaluation of CW/CA algorithms. We first collect manual driving data from the ICCFOT project, then process the data by Kalman smoothing, and finally identify 'threatening' and 'safe' data sets according to vehicle brake inputs and vehicle range behavior. Five CW/CA algorithms published in the literature are evaluated against the identified data sets. The performance of these algorithms is determined through a performance metric commonly used in signal detection and information retrieval under unbalanced data population.     

船舶雾航时的应对措施探析

针对船舶雾中能见度下降、船舶瞭望和利用陆标定位困难等问题,文章从雾航前的准备工作和雾航中的具体措施两方面阐述了船舶雾航过程中的具体做法,并就雾航时的避碰行动进行了分析,具有一定的实践指导意义。     

Gendered patterns of IMT adoption and use: Learning from action research

This paper illustrates the value of using an action research methodology to improve understanding of gendered patterns of adoption and non-adoption of Intermediate Means of Transport (IMTs) and similar gender-related transport issues. It presents results from a novel action research project undertaken in five farming villages in southern Ghana, a region where IMT usage is currently low. The participatory action research study not only revealed important issues around differences between stated preferences and actual gendered patterns of adoption and non-adoption in the particular context of southern Ghana, but offers a methodology which may have value in many other gender and transport contexts across sub-Saharan Africa and beyond.     

船舶碰撞过程的实时动态仿真

为了进行船舶碰撞事故的海事分析、船舶操纵方案论证、船舶通航安全评估,应用MMG分离建模方法,建立了船舶操纵运动的仿真模型。根据两船发生碰撞时的水域范围、当时水域的海况和天气情况,制作相应的电子海图,在此基础上,建立了船舶操纵与碰撞过程的仿真平台并对当事两船舶的碰撞过程进行实时动态仿真。对仿真的结果进行海事分析并得出相应的结论,该结论可靠,对船长、驾驶员具有重要的参考加值。     

ISO 13232《摩托车-对乘员碰撞保护装置研究评价的试验分析规程》标准介绍

ISO 13232作为摩托车安全保护装置评估的指导性系列标准,覆盖了摩托车和汽车之间可能发生的各种碰撞形式,具有广泛的适用性,同时也对碰撞试验室的试验能力提出了更高、更多的要求.