冲压机械振动对高铁桥梁及行车动力影响分析

高速铁路桥梁的平顺性和稳定性对运营列车的平稳性和安全性有很大影响。为研究冲压机械产生的外部振动激励对高铁桥梁的影响,首先通过对此机械引起的地面振动进行实测,并结合有限元分析软件,确定最大冲击荷载作用下产生的地面振动及传播至桥墩处的振动;然后通过建立列车-轨道-桥梁耦合动力学模型,将桥墩处的地面振动作为激励输入,分析列车以不同速度通过时车辆、桥梁动力学响应。结果表明:地面冲击振动有限元模型计算结果与实测结果基本相符,验证了模型的可靠性;地面振动对桥梁响应会产生一定的影响,距振源50 m处地面振动对桥梁所产生的影响较距振源80 m处(桥墩处)的大,但对运行车辆的影响很小;随着车速由250 km/h至350 km/h,车辆及桥梁各结构的动态响应均有所增大,但都未超出安全限值。因此,冲压机械冲击作用导致的地面振动对列车-轨道-桥梁系统动态服役性能影响非常有限。     

Full six degrees of freedom coupled dynamic simulation of ship collision and grounding accidents

By taking advantage of the user-defined load subroutine (loadud) and the user common subroutine (usercomm) in LS-DYNA, the authors proposed a new coupled approach for simultaneously calculating structural damage and the planar 3DOF ship motions in ship collisions. The coupled procedure aimed at predicting the detailed structural damage together with reasonable global ship motions. This paper extends the method to consider the full 6DOF ship motions; thus, ship collision as well as grounding accidents can be properly handled. This method is particularly useful for design purposes because the detailed ship hull profile is not needed.A traditional ship maneuvering model is used for the in-plane surge, sway and yaw degrees of freedom with a series of nondimensional coefficients determined from experiments. It is assumed that the out-of-plane degrees of freedom are not coupled with the in-plane ship motions, and there is no coupling among roll, pitch and heave motions. The implementation is verified through free decay tests, and the obtained natural periods show good agreement with theoretical results.Several collision and grounding cases are simulated in which a supply vessel crashes into rigid plates with different orientations. The effects of the roll motion, the heave and pitch motions and the full 6DOF motions are studied. The results are compared with those from a 6DOF decoupled method. Ship motions through the proposed method compare reasonably well with SIMO results. It is found that several consecutive impacts may occur in the simulation of one collision case due to the periodic motions. This is not taken into account in the decoupled method, which makes this method unconservative.     

Layout optimization of an inertial energy harvester for miniature underwater mooring platforms

Comprehensive analyses of the layout influence on power performance of a low-frequency miniature horizontal-pendulum-type inertial energy harvester for underwater mooring platforms are presented in this article. The mathematical models are obtained utilizing the Newton-Euler method. The power performance is evaluated by simulations over different parameters, such as damping, excitation frequency, and layout position. Simulation results indicate that the harvester can extract energy from low-frequency excitations over the range of 0.1 Hz–0.4 Hz, and maximum output power can reach to 0.7 W under excitation frequency f = 0.4 Hz. Different layout positions influence the energy harvesting performance of the harvester dramatically. Changing the layout position to positive value can enhance and broaden the power performance. The amplitude responses with different layout positions do not show resonant characteristics, even near the natural frequency of the harvester, due to large amplitude vibrations and strong nonlinear characteristic. As excitation frequency f = 0.4 Hz, there is a zero output power point appears at layout position d = −1.3 m. Moreover, the harnessed power has a quadratic relationship with the layout position value.     

频繁爆破下隧道内振动传播的数值研究

为揭示频繁爆破下隧道内振动传播衰减规律,文章以蒙华铁路段家坪隧道为工程背景,利用LS-DY NA建立了三维隧道模型,模拟分析了多次爆破下隧道内近区和中远区的振动传播规律。结果表明,质点垂向峰值振速随距离和爆破次数的增大而减小,少数振速有增大的现象;近区振动衰减较快,中远区振动衰减比近区缓慢;中远区a值比近区至少小12.5%,但整体上二者的a值随爆破作用次数的增加呈缓慢上升趋势;系数K随爆破作用次数的增加而降低,近区K值降低速率普遍大于中远区,且近区K值比中远区至少大29.1%;频繁爆破下,中远区比近区较符合萨道夫斯基经验公式。     

水中悬浮隧道交通荷载模拟方法研究

为研究水中悬浮隧道交通荷载的合理模拟方法以及交通荷载对隧道结构的影响,借鉴铁路、公路交通荷载的模拟方法,综合考虑车辆轮载、路面不平度、行车速度以及外部激励荷载等影响因素的共同作用,提出水中悬浮隧道交通荷载的模拟表达式。通过数值模拟计算,分析悬浮隧道交通荷载的变化特征,并研究不同交通荷载模拟方法对悬浮隧道结构振动位移响应的影响。结果表明:文章提出的交通荷载模拟方法计算结果符合移动振动荷载的波动性和周期性特征。在对结构振动位移响应影响方面,固定均布荷载相当于静载,移动集中荷载和移动振动荷载时的位移变化幅值相对固定均布荷载时的大且影响相似,但移动振动荷载时的振幅稍大,体现了交通荷载中动荷载部分对结构振动位移响应的影响,更适合用来模拟悬浮隧道中的交通荷载。     

Singular perturbation composite control of a free-floating flexible dual-arm space robot

The Free-floating Flexible Dual-arm Space Robot is a highly nonlinear and coupled dynamics system. In this paper, the dynamic model is derived of a Free-floating Flexible Dual-arm Space Robot holding a rigid payload. Furthermore, according to the singular perturbation method, the system is separated into a slow subsystem representing rigid body motion of the robot and a fast subsystem representing the flexible link dynamics. For the slow subsystem, based on the second method of Lyapunov, using simple quantitative bounds on the model uncertainties, a robust tracking controller design is used during the trajectory tracking phase. The optimal control method is designed in the fast subsystem to guarantee the exponential stability. With the combination of the two above, the system can track the expected trajectory accurately, even though with uncertainty in model parameters, and its flexible vibration gets suppressed, too. Finally, some simulation tests have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

油底壳有限元模态分析及实验验证

以EQ491型发动机油底壳为研究对象,通过有限元法得到了油底壳模型的固有频率和振型,运用模态实验技术,验证了有限元模型的合理性。在原始有限元模型的基础上,对油底壳模型进行约束模态分析,验证了油底壳结构的合理性,即油底壳固有频率远大于发动机机体激振频率。     

公路隧道下穿饮用水水池的爆破控制

本项目是新建隧道下穿原有饮用水水池,因直线距离较小、且水池安全要求较高,无法使用传统爆破开挖,为保证水池正常使用,施工时严格控制同一段雷管起爆装药量,使爆破振动速度降低到安全范围内,并对爆破震动速度进行监测,确保在水池附近的振动处于可控。     

高速公路直线路段突起路标间隔设置方法

基于驾驶人的视觉惰性、视觉警示频率和感觉特性,分析了突起路标的视觉警示作用,确定了突起路标的闪现频率,计算与修正了突起路标的初始间隔。应用ADAMS/Car仿真软件模块,建立了道路、车辆和突起路标模型,将车型设置为大型车和小型车,大型车的车速设置为60、80、100km·h-1,小型车的车速设置为80、100、120km·h-1,大型车和小型车的方向盘转角均设置为1°、3°、5°。分别对提出的12m间隔与现行规范推荐的15m间隔各进行243次仿真,分析振动警示效果。仿真结果表明:在12m间隔下,平均碾压率为93.1%,小型车和大型车对应的平均警示率分别为41.7%和5.6%;在15m间隔下,平均碾压率为93.7%,小型车和大型车对应的平均警示率分别为33.3%和28.9%;12、15m间隔对小型车都具有较好的振动警示效果,15m间隔对大型车的振动警示效果更好。当高速公路夜间交通流较大或需要加大交通设施的夜间安全效果时,可选12m间隔提供良好的视觉连续性和视觉警示效果;考虑施工维护的方便性和经济性或者大型车比例较大时,可选择15m间隔。