车辆行驶运动学参数构成分析

探讨了运用主成分分析的方法处理实际车辆行驶数据的可行性与有效性,对数据处理的结果进行了分析,结果表明,除了速度、加速度两个参数对行驶特性的影响较大外,怠速过程也是影响行驶特性的重要因素。     

道路水泥混凝土的环境影响评价

简要介绍生命周期评价的概念和方法,应用生命周期评价方法评价道路水泥混凝土的环境性能。再生混凝土的环境综合指标为8 18×10-12年,普通混凝土的环境综合指标为11 57×10-12年,由此表明前者具有更好的环境协调性。再生混凝土是道路水泥混凝土可持续发展的方向之一,可以通过降低水泥的环境负荷继续提高其环境性能。     

运用特征参数对汽车驾驶循环的研究

汽车驾驶循环反映了汽车运行所处“人－车－路”系统中对车辆性能有重要影响因素，中提出了一种运用特征参数对汽车驾驶循环进行研究的方法，分析了大量已有的和新提出的能反映驾驶循环特性的特征参数的物理意义和应用价值。提出了在强度指标，速度波动指标、工况概率指标等方面的重要的特征参数，并运用这些参数对国内外典型驾驶循环进行了比较。     

生命周期评价在铁路节能评估中的应用研究

生命周期评价方法贯穿了评价对象的整个生命周期,是一个从"摇篮到坟墓"的全过程评价。该方法在工业、农业、建筑业和环境保护等方面均得到有效利用。本文从节能评估发展要求和趋势出发,将生命周期评价引入铁路节能评估领域,并结合国内外生命周期评价方法的研究和应用现状,尝试建立基于生命周期成本的铁路节能技术生命周期评价技术框架,旨在为铁路节能评估和管理提供理论和方法依据。     

水下采油树钢结构焊接残余应力消除

本文根据中国南海某气田开发项目水下采油树的应用环境及应用要求 ,对水下采油树钢结构焊接所产生的残余应力的机理、分布规律及其影响因素进行了分析,并阐述了控制水下采油树钢结构焊接残余应力的主要工艺解决措施。此基础上,将其应用于国产化备用采油树项目,满足了产品的应用要求。     

The importance of the use phase on the LCA of environmentally friendly solutions for asphalt road pavements

In order to assess sustainability of products and processes, different methodologies have been developed and used in the last years. In the road pavement construction area, most methodologies used for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are essentially focused in the construction phase. The present paper analyses the importance of the use phase of a road in the LCA of different paving alternatives, namely by evaluating energy consumption and gaseous emissions throughout the road pavement’s life. Therefore, a new LCA methodology for road pavements was developed, and the results of its application to a case study involving the construction of alternative pavement structures are discussed. The study intends to assess the influence of using more sustainable paving construction alternatives (asphalt recycling vs. conventional asphalt mixtures), and/or different surface course materials (which have a higher influence on the rolling resistance and, therefore, affect the performance during the use phase). The LCA results obtained for this case study showed that the reductions in energy consumption and gaseous emissions obtained during the use phase, for pavement alternatives with a lower rolling resistance surface course, are higher than the total amount of energy consumption and gas emissions produced during construction. It is therefore clear that some improvements in the characteristics of the surface course may have an effect over the road use phase that will rapidly balance the initial costs and gas emissions of those interventions. The LCA results obtained also showed that the sustainability of pavement construction may also be improved using recycled asphalt mixtures.     

Exploring the link between the neighborhood typologies,bicycle infrastructure and commuting cycling over time and the potential impact on commuter GHG emissions

This paper investigates the evolution of urban cycling in Montreal, Canada and its link to both built environment indicators and bicycle infrastructure accessibility. The effect of new cycling infrastructure on transport-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is then explored. More specifically, we aim at investigating how commuting cycling modal share has evolved across neighborhood built-environment typologies and over time in Montreal, Canada. For this purpose, automobile and bicycle trip information from origin–destination surveys for the years 1998, 2003 and 2008 are used. Neighborhood typologies are generated from different built environment indicators (population and employment density, land use diversity, etc.). Furthermore, to represent the commuter mode choice (bicycle vs automobile), a standard binary logit and simultaneous equation modeling approach are adopted to represent the mode choice and the household location. Among other things, we observe an important increase in the likelihood to cycle across built environment types and over time in the study region. In particular, urban and urban-suburb neighborhoods have experienced an important growth over the 10 years, going from a modal split of 2.8–5.3% and 1.4–3.0%, respectively. After controlling for other factors, the model regression analysis also confirms the important increase across years as well as the significant differences of bicycle ridership across neighborhoods. A statistically significant association is also found between the index of bicycle infrastructure accessibility and bike mode choice – an increase of 10% in the accessibility index results in a 3.7% increase in the ridership. Based on the estimated models and in combination with a GHG inventory at the trip level, the potential impact of planned cycling infrastructure is explored using a basic scenario. A reduction of close to 2% in GHG emissions is observed for an increase of 7% in the length of the bicycle network. Results show the important benefits of bicycle infrastructure to reduce commuting automobile usage and GHG emissions.     

工程项目全寿命周期管理的整体构想

针对工程项目传统管理模式中存在的一些自身无法克服的弊端，在提出工程项目全寿命周期管理（Life Cycle Managemetn，简称LCM）概念的基础上，对工程项目全寿命周期管理的整体构想作了深入的探讨。     

基于版本控制技术和生命周期理论的企业文档管理平台设计

针对当前广泛使用的文档管理系统较少以安全、效率为目标,无法实现企业文档安全管理和维持较高管理效率的问题,基于文档版本控制技术和生命周期理论,根据文档管理平台功能模块,设计适用于该类企业的文档管理平台,实现企业文档的安全有效管理。     

压气机级间喷水燃气轮机循环分析

该文给出压气机组间喷水燃气轮机数学模型，并据此模型计算出压气机的出口温度、压缩功、涡轮进口温度、循环效率及输出功率随喷水量变化关系。分析了大气温度、压比及涡轮进口温度变化时的压气机级间喷水燃气轮机的性能变化规律，讨论了在压气机不同位置喷水对燃气轮机比功和循环效率等性能的影响。