A field evaluation case study of the environmental and energy impacts of traffic calming

This study quantifies the energy and environmental impact of a selection of traffic calming measures using a combination of second-by-second floating-car global positioning system data and microscopic energy and emission models. It finds that traffic calming may result in negative impacts on vehicle fuel consumption and emission rates if drivers exert aggressive acceleration levels to speed up to their journeys. Consequently by eliminating sharp acceleration maneuvers significant savings in vehicle fuel consumption and emission rates are achievable through driver education. The study also demonstrates that high emitting vehicles produce CO emissions that are up to 25 times higher than normal vehicle emission levels while low emitting vehicles produce emissions that are 15–35% of normal vehicles. The relative increases in vehicle fuel consumption and emission levels associated with the sample traffic calming measures are consistent and similar for normal, low, and high emitting vehicles.     

汽车空调油耗试验分析及研究

汽车空调作为整车内部主要耗能附件,对用户实际使用油耗的影响巨大,有着很大的节能潜力。文章基于WLTC循环,采用不同试验方案,对多辆轻型车进行空调油耗,考察国内多款主流车型的空调油耗水平及空调制冷效果,验证压缩机排量和车辆前端密封导流对空调油耗的影响。结果表明:1)空调能耗占比较大,不容忽视,不同车辆的空调能耗占比总体分布在22%左右。2)多数车辆无法达到10min时头部平均温度达到23℃的要求,无法获得节能效果值。3)适当降低压缩机排量和增加车辆前端密封导流都具有一定的节油效果。     

智能网联技术应用于混合动力汽车探析

文章简要介绍了混合动力汽车和智能网联技术的研究现状,阐明了混合动力汽车与智能网联技术相结合的意义。着重论述了在智能网联环境下混合动力汽车进行能量管理的优势以及混合动力汽车实现智能网联的技术要求,最后对未来二者的依托发展进行了展望。     

浅析重卡新能源高压线束加工工艺

文章主要介绍的是重卡新能源高压线束工艺分解过程中,对于原材料选型、屏蔽层的处理以及导线对插接器防水性能的影响进行简单分析,简明扼要地阐述了高压线加工的难点,为线束工艺设计人员提供一些参考。     

高亮度LED在现代汽车照明中的应用

LED相对于传统的白炽光照明具有许多优势,高亮度LED在汽车照明的应用前景广阔,但仍需克服许多困难。采用特定的方法对电流、噪声、温度和亮度进行控制,可以解决高亮度LED的关键技术问题。随着高亮度LED在汽车照明领域的关注度不断提高,其应用市场也正在逐步扩大。使用高亮度LED照明必将成为未来汽车的主要特征之一。     

The Pollution-Routing Problem

The amount of pollution emitted by a vehicle depends on its load and speed, among other factors. This paper presents the Pollution-Routing Problem (PRP), an extension of the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with a broader and more comprehensive objective function that accounts not just for the travel distance, but also for the amount of greenhouse emissions, fuel, travel times and their costs. Mathematical models are described for the PRP with or without time windows and computational experiments are performed on realistic instances. The paper sheds light on the tradeoffs between various parameters such as vehicle load, speed and total cost, and offers insight on economies of ‘environmental-friendly’ vehicle routing. The results suggest that, contrary to the VRP, the PRP is significantly more difficult to solve to optimality but has the potential of yielding savings in total cost.     

Biofuel futures in road transport – A modeling analysis for Sweden

First and second generation biofuels are among few low-carbon alternatives for road transport that currently are commercially available or in an early commercialization phase. They are thus potential options for meeting climate targets in the medium term. For the case of Sweden, we investigate cost-efficient use of biofuels in road transport under system-wide CO₂ reduction targets to 2050, and the effects of implementation of targets for an almost fossil-free road transport sector to 2030. We apply the bottom-up, optimization MARKAL_Sweden model, which covers the entire Swedish energy system including the transport sector. For CO₂ reductions of 80% to 2050 in the Swedish energy system as a whole, the results of the main scenario show an annual growth rate for road transport biofuels of about 6% from 2010 to 2050, with biofuels accounting for 78% of road transport final energy use in 2050. The preferred biofuel choices are methanol and biomethane. When introducing additional fossil fuel phase-out policies in road transport (−80% to 2030), a doubling of the growth rate to 2030 is required and system CO₂ abatement costs increases by 6% for the main scenario. Results imply that second generation biofuels, along with energy-efficient vehicle technologies such as plug-in hybrids, can be an important part of optimized system solutions meeting stringent medium-term climate targets.     

The impact of a congestion pricing exemption on the demand for new energy efficient vehicles in Stockholm

As governments seek to transition to more efficient vehicle fleets, one strategy has been to incentivize ‘green’ vehicle choice by exempting some of these vehicles from road user charges. As an example, to stimulate sales of energy efficient vehicles (EEVs) in Sweden, some of these automobiles were exempted from Stockholm’s congestion tax. In this paper the effect this policy had on the demand for new, privately-owned, exempt EEVs is assessed by first estimating a model of vehicle choice and then by applying this model to simulate vehicle alternative market shares under different policy scenarios. The database used to calibrate the model includes owner-specific demographics merged with vehicle registry data for all new private vehicles registered in Stockholm County during 2008. Characteristics of individuals with a higher propensity to purchase an exempt EEV were identified. The most significant factors included intra-cordon residency (positive), distance from home to the CBD (negative), and commuting across the cordon (positive). By calculating vehicle shares from the vehicle choice model and then comparing these estimates to a simulated scenario where the congestion tax exemption was inactive, the exemption was estimated to have substantially increased the share of newly purchased, private, exempt EEVs in Stockholm by 1.8% (±0.3%; 95% C.I.) to a total share of 18.8%. This amounts to an estimated 10.7% increase in private, exempt EEV purchases during 2008, i.e., 519 privately owned, exempt EEVs.     

新能源汽车高压连接器可靠性研究

近几年,随着国家倡导绿色发展,新能源汽车产业发展迅速,我国新能源汽车保有量的快速增长,新能源汽车安全问题愈发得到人们的重视。要保证汽车在任何环境和条件下都能正常运行,这对汽车所有零部件的质量和性能提出了更高的要求,新能源汽车高压连接系统中,往往都应用大量了高压连接器,每一辆新能源电动汽车上所使用电连接器数量将达到600~1500只,故连接器对整个新能源汽车的质量保证起着举足轻重的作用。连接器一旦失效,后果十分严重,汽车温度局部升高或发生燃烧事件,甚至出现交通意外。本文从新能源汽车用的高压连接器发展现状及趋势基础上,对高压连接器的失效分析和性能指标做了概述,为后续研究提供理论基础。     

轿车柴油化市场前景分析

汽车是能源消耗与环境污染的主要来源之一,而轿车又在汽车市场占据半壁江山,降低轿车能耗非常重要。柴油机较汽油机有着较大的节能环保的优势,在轿车中推行柴油化,必将对节能环保做出重要贡献。与世界发达国家相比,我国的轿车柴油化的水平还很低。虽然轿车柴油化已经具备一些有利的条件,但国内的油品和相关配套法规严重制约了柴油轿车的普及,我国的轿车柴油化还有很长的路要走。整车厂和主机厂应该积极开发轿车柴油化技术,更好地满足轿车柴油化的需求。