Potential of low viscosity oils to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of urban buses fleets

This paper shows the results of a comparative fleet test the main objective of which was to measure the influence of Low Viscosity Oils (LVO) over the fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions of urban buses. To perform this test, 39 urban buses, classified into candidate and reference groups depending on the engine oil viscosity, covered a 60,000 km mileage corresponding to two rounds of standard Oil Drain Interval (ODI). In the same way, for 9 buses of the 39 buses, the effect of differential LVO over fuel consumption and their interaction with engine LVO was assessed during the second ODI.Test results confirm that the use of LVO could reduce fuel consumption, hence CO₂ emissions. However, special attention should be taken prior to its implementation in a fleet, particularly if the vehicles are powered by engines with high mechanical and thermal stresses during vehicle operation because this could lead to friction loss increase, loss of the potential fuel consumption reduction of LVO and, in the worst scenario, higher rates of engine wear.     

基于RA8876M的船舶机舱一体化显控模块设计

针对船舶机舱内设备的便捷操作需求,采用STM32F429芯片和RA8876M显示控制器,研究设计一套适于船舶机舱使用的具有接口丰富、操控便捷和应用场景丰富等优点的一体化显控模块。RA8876M显示控制器能在无操作系统环境下正常工作,有助于降低模块整体应用程序的开发难度;利用RA8876M显示控制器配套上位机软件可视化编程的优势,能大幅缩短软件开发周期。通过在某船舶机舱延伸报警系统中应用,验证该一体化显控模块具有优良的工作性能。     

Optimal development of alternative fuel station networks considering node capacity restrictions

A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector is the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). As global GHG emission standards have been in place for passenger cars for several years, infrastructure modelling for new AFV is an established topic. However, as the regulatory focus shifts towards heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), the market diffusion of AFV-HDV will increase as will planning the relevant AFV infrastructure for HDV. Existing modelling approaches need to be adapted, because the energy demand per individual refill increases significantly for HDV and there are regulatory as well as technical limitations for alternative fuel station (AFS) capacities at the same time. While the current research takes capacity restrictions for single stations into account, capacity limits for locations (i.e. nodes) – the places where refuelling stations are built such as highway entries, exits or intersections – are not yet considered. We extend existing models in this respect and introduce an optimal development for AFS considering (station) location capacity restrictions. The proposed method is applied to a case study of a potential fuel cell heavy-duty vehicle AFS network. We find that the location capacity limit has a major impact on the number of stations required, station utilization and station portfolio variety.     

船舶机舱监测报警系统在轮机模拟器的应用

船舶机舱监测报警系统是轮机模拟器的重要组成部分，是替代轮机员正确实现对机舱中主、辅机等设备和各系统进行有效巡视管理的主要手段。本系统软件部分以VC＋＋6.0为开发平台设计而成，功能完善、界面友好。文中介绍了该软件的主要功能，并给出了关键部分实现方法及相应代码。     

铁路无人值守机械室环境监控终端的改进设计

提出一种改进型铁路机械室环境监控终端,增加硬件终端选择模块,简化了软件设计,用数字式温湿度传感器替换原模拟式温湿度传感器,提高了测量精度、简化了电路结构和现场施工,降低了系统成本;增加网络通信接口,扩大使用场合。     

雨水泵房沉井施工

通过工程实例,介绍了沉井施工工序及施工方法,分析了施工中应注意的问题,提出了保证施工质量的工程措施。     

机舱热发散控制用通风参数影响的模拟分析

针对船舶机舱发电机组、锅炉等高负荷热源,研究采用空气射流通风技术进行热发散控制。结合机舱的现场条件,建立机舱热发散控制的物理模型,选用计算流体力学的标准k-ε模型作为数值模拟计算模型。采用正交试验法对稳态条件下的送风速度、喷嘴高度、送风温度、送风湿度、排风速度等因素进行了模拟试验分析。试验得出不同通风因素对热发散控制效果影响的显著性大小排序：送风温度、送风速度、喷嘴高度、排风速度。结合试验分析结果提出了热发散通风控制的优方案和考虑节能后再优化调整方案。     

基于半经验法的船舶舱室噪声实用预报方法

基于"声源-传递路径-接受点"系统分析法结合房间声学提出一套半经验型的船舶舱室噪声快速预报方法。噪声的传递和衰减分别按空气噪声和结构噪声两条路径计算,接受点的噪声声压级结合房间声学计算。该方法在总布置方案基本确定阶段即可对全船各舱室噪声分布的水平作出初步预报,并不依赖于具体的结构和舾装细节。通过计算某型快艇的主要舱室噪声水平并与实测数据进行比较,证明了该方法的工程实用性。     

船舶机舱自动化监控系统故障自诊断技术研究

对我国船舶机舱自动化的发展历程进行全面阐述,根据现代船舶机舱自动化的特点来解析我国船舶机舱自动化监控系统存在的主要问题和矛盾.最后,对我国船舶机舱自动化监控系统故障自诊断技术进行全面解析,形成可行的故障自诊断方法.希望通过本文阐述,可以给相关领域研究提供一定思路.     

可变气门相位对发动机性能影响的仿真研究

应用WAVE整机性能软件,研究分析了某汽油机的可变进气相位对发动机进气性能的影响.在优化进气相位基础上,分析了采用可变气门相位技术的发动机在6000 r/min(最大功率)和低速1500 r/min两种工况下,不同排气相位对发动机动力性、经济性和排放性的影响.