A multiscale material-structure-hydroelasticity coupled analytical model for floating sandwich structures with hierarchical cores

A novel material-structure-hydroelasticity coupling analytical model is proposed for marine structures, which is utilized for the calculation and optimization of a very large floating sandwich structure (VLFSS) with a hierarchical ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) core in this study. For the coupling material and structure analysis, three-dimensional representative volume element and self-consistent methods are developed to reveal the physical relations between the UHPC core's macroscale mechanical properties (e.g., modulus and density) and mesoscale hierarchical characteristics (e.g., aggregate and porosity) and to obtain the corresponding parameterized formulas. For the coupling material-structure-hydroelasticity analysis, a sixth-order dynamical equation for the potential flow model of the VLFSS, in which the hierarchical core's parameters are introduced through the material-structure coupling formulas, is developed. The hydroelasticity equations containing multiscale parameters are solved, and the mechanical responses are calculated. Using this coupled multiscale method, the shear force in the representative VLFSS is optimized for a smaller amplitude, which relies on the interactivity of the hierarchical structural parameters and wave conditions. These results demonstrate the potential of the multiscale coupling methodology to achieve the physically significant optimization of a floating composite structure in ocean engineering.     

Integrated design optimization of spar floating wind turbines

A linearized aero-hydro-servo-elastic floating wind turbine model is presented and used to perform integrated design optimization of the platform, tower, mooring system, and blade-pitch controller for a 10 MW spar floating wind turbine. Optimal design solutions are found using gradient-based optimization with analytic derivatives, considering both fatigue and extreme response constraints, where the objective function is a weighted combination of system cost and power quality. Optimization results show that local minima exist both in the soft-stiff and stiff-stiff range for the first tower bending mode and that a stiff-stiff tower design is needed to reach a solution that satisfies the fatigue constraints. The optimized platform has a relatively small diameter in the wave zone to limit the wave loads on the structure and an hourglass shape far below the waterline. The shape increases the restoring moment and natural frequency in pitch, which leads to improved behaviour in the low-frequency range. The importance of integrated optimization is shown in the solutions for the tower and blade-pitch control system, which are clearly affected by the simultaneous design of the platform. State-of-the-art nonlinear time-domain analyses show that the linearized model is conservative in general, but reasonably accurate in capturing trends, suggesting that the presented methodology is suitable for preliminary integrated design calculations.     

Experimental field study of floater motion effects on a main bearing in a full-scale spar floating wind turbine

In this paper we present a full-scale experimental field study of the effects of floater motion on a main bearing in a 6 MW turbine on a spar-type floating substructure. Floating wind turbines are necessary to access the full offshore wind power potential, but the characteristics of their operation leave a gap with respect to the rapidly developing empirical knowledge on operation of bottom-fixed turbines. Larger wind turbines are one of the most important contributions to reducing cost of energy, but challenge established drivetrain layouts, component size envelopes and analysis methods. We have used fibre optic strain sensor arrays to measure circumferential strain in the stationary ring in a main bearing. Strain data have been analysed in the time domain and the frequency domain and compared with data on environmental loads, floating turbine motion and turbine operation. The results show that the contribution to fluctuating strain from in-plane bending strain is two orders of magnitude larger than that from membrane strain. The fluctuating in-plane bending strain is the result of cyclic differences between blade bending moments, both in and out of the rotor plane, and is driven by wind loads and turbine rotation. The fluctuating membrane strain appears to be the result of both axial load from thrust, because of the bearing and roller geometry, and radial loads on the rotating bearing ring from total out-of-plane bending moments in the three blades. The membrane strain shows a contribution from slow-varying wind forces and floating turbine pitch motion. However, as the total fluctuating strain is dominated by the intrinsic effects of blade bending moments in these turbines, the relative effect of floater motion is very small. Mostly relevant for the intrinsic membrane strain, sum and difference frequencies appear in the measured responses as the result of nonlinear system behaviour. This is an important result with respect to turbine modelling and simulation, where global structural analyses and local drivetrain analyses are frequently decoupled.     

基于有限元法的船用浮筏隔振系统仿真计算

采用有限元法对某船用浮筏隔振装置的静态特性、固有振动特性、隔振效果和抗冲击性能进行了数值分析，并对浮筏隔振装置的隔振效果进行了测试，浮筏隔振装置的加速度振级落差实验台架测试结果超过35dB，测试结果表明文中的数值分析方法是可行的．     

交通移动采集技术及其适用性分析

交通移动采集技术是一种先进的交通信息采集技术,目前在国外很多城市都进行了广泛的实验和应用。本文在分析常规交通采集技术的不足和交通移动采集技术特点的基础上,结合中国城市交通的特点,分析认为交通移动采集技术同样适合于国内大部分城市,并且有着广泛的应用前景。此外本文还将交通移动采集技术分为主动测试车技术和被动探测车技术。最后以中山市公交车采集的数据作为被动探测车数据,简单探讨了交通移动采集数据的分析和处理方法。     

大功率远洋救助拖船“德翔”号主船体整吊下水研究

大功率远洋救助拖船“德翔”号主船体重１６００ｔ,用“大力”号浮吊运下水获得成功。本文从吊运下水的提出,吊运方案的选择,船体强度分析、组织实施、技术评价等方面进行了论述。这不仅为船舶下水开辟了一个新的途径,而且为重大设备大件吊运提供了宝贵的经验。     

高速铁路CFG桩筏复合地基沉降变形特性研究

选取京沪高速铁路CFG桩筏加固软土地基的典型断面,采用ABAQUS有限元程序建立了三维数值模型。考虑高速铁路路堤分级填筑施工过程和长期荷载作用,对CFG桩加固后路基填筑期和运营期的沉降进行计算模拟,分析CFG桩筏复合地基沉降变形发展规律。研究结果表明：计算结果与实测值相一致,数值模型可以较好地反映路基填筑过程和后期沉降过程。基于该方法预测了高速铁路运行10 a后的沉降,桩筏复合地基技术可以有效地控制京沪高速铁路（凤阳段）的工后沉降,可为类似工程提供参考依据。     

Design optimization of a TetraSpar-type floater and tower for the IEA Wind 15 MW reference wind turbine

We present an optimization study for the conceptual design of wind turbine floaters of the TetraSpar type. The optimization variables include all geometric dimensions of the floater, keel, mooring lines and tower design. A gradient based optimization method is applied to a mass proportional objective cost function. The objective function accounts for the different weight components of the floater, including secondary steel, the wind turbine tower, and the mooring system. A frequency domain response method is utilized, so that each design evaluation also takes into account the dynamic response for 12 wind speeds with associated wave conditions. Nineteen constraints are applied for static and dynamic response, natural frequencies, and fatigue at the bottom of the tower. Two reference designs are presented, namely one with a soft–stiff tower and one with a stiff–stiff tower. Due to the anti-phase coupling of the floater pitch and tower vibration, the soft–stiff tower needs a stronger floater stiffness in pitch. This design thus has a larger water plane area moment than the more compact stiff–stiff floater, which is found to be the least economical. A constraint analysis is next presented based on Lagrange multipliers and a relative cost index. We find that the strongest cost influence is exerted by the 3P tower frequency constraint for the stiff-stiff and soft-stiff designs. Finally, a third design variant with a free optimizable tower frequency is introduced. This design is found to be 11% cheaper than the soft–stiff design and highlights the potential cost savings of tower designs within the 3P region.     

泰州长江大桥巨型深水沉井施工技术

泰州长江大桥中塔沉井号称"世界第一巨型深水沉井",高76m,入土深度达55m,详细介绍了该沉井施工的整体工艺流程,其多项创新性施工工艺对类似沉井施工具有借鉴意义。     

基于多点约束法的鼓式制动器有限元分析

为研究径向浮动蹄式制动器的性能特点,利用接触与多点约束相结合的方法,建立了结构有限元模型.经对比发现,该模型较传统模型能更准确的反映摩擦片的受力状态,且制动力矩仿真结果与试验数据有较好的一致性.利用该模型对制动器制动性能和摩擦片应力分布情况进行的仿真计算结果表明,径向浮动蹄式制动器有利于改善车辆制动跑偏现象和领蹄的受力状况,提高车辆的行车安全性和领蹄摩擦片的耐磨性:从蹄的受力均匀性有待进一步提高.