初始不平顺与初始弯曲的叠加方式对无缝线路稳定性影响

针对无缝线路稳定性方面的分析,研究线路初始不平顺与初始弹塑性弯曲之间的叠加方式具有重要意义。根据无缝线路稳定性有限元分析理论建立钢轨、扣件、轨枕和道床阻力为一体的轨道框架模型,对于桥上无缝线路由于梁端相对伸缩产生的线路不平顺,分析线路不平顺幅值位置以及各弦测法对应矢度最大值位置与初始弹塑性弯曲的叠加线型对无缝线路稳定性的影响。分析表明:梁端横向伸缩引起的钢轨变形会降低无缝线路的稳定性。建议对于存在初始不平顺的线路,首先采用4 m弦长对线路初始不平顺进行测量,得到最大的矢度对应的位置,然后与钢轨初始弹塑性弯曲最大处相对应进行叠加,最后进行求解,以此作为计算无缝线路稳定性最不利的工况。     

含水率对昔格达地层大断面隧道初期支护安全性影响研究

昔格达地层具有水稳性差、易崩解等特点,常常引发隧道初期支护结构开裂、围岩掉块、坍塌冒顶等灾变事故。为了研究围岩含水率对昔格达地层大断面隧道初期支护安全性的影响规律并及时预防灾变事故,以成昆铁路复线桐梓林隧道为工程依托,通过数值模拟对比分析5种典型围岩含水率下隧道初期支护结构的受力特性和变形规律,根据相关规范规定的洞周变形标准和结构强度安全系数标准界定现有支护参数所能够维持的围岩含水率阈值为29%,并为超过此围岩含水率阈值的隧道支护参数提出优化方案。通过现场监控量测数据验证数值模拟计算结果的可靠性和合理性,研究成果不仅完善了昔格达地层大断面隧道设计参数,同时为类似工程提供借鉴和参考。     

先张法预应力空心板梁的应力施工控制

介绍了在预应力空心板梁预制过程中应力控制方面经常遇到的一些问题及其处理方法。     

基于控制器的惯性平台初始对准方法研究

采用带有观测器的反馈控制系统设计方法,对平台式惯导系统进行初始对准研究。通过构造一个降维的预测器,利用北向和东向加速度计的测量值重构平台方位对准误差角,同时利用状态反馈改善系统的动态性能,这种方法不需外部信息对平台式惯导系统进行实始对准,仿真结果表明该方法具有一定的对准精度的快速性。     

海外KD出口项目分析

随着国内汽车企业竞争日益激烈,海外KD（k,reekeddown）出口作为企业经济增长点变得尤为重要．文章系统地从海外KD出口项目市场的考察、出口合作方的选择、产品认证、生产准备、KD出口包装以及试生产和量产初期阶段进行了比较全面的描述,为今后企业海外KD项目出口提供指导。     

Laboratory tests and thermal buckling analysis for pipes buried in Bohai soft clay

Upheaval buckling of submarine pipelines occurs due to relative movement of pipeline and surrounding soil and is often triggered by high operational temperature of the pipeline, initial imperfection of the pipeline, or a combination of both. Since buckling can jeopardize the structural integrity of a pipeline, it is a failure mode that should to be taken into account for the design and in-service assessment of trenched and buried offshore pipelines. In this study, a series of vertical (uplift) and axial pullout tests were carried out on model pipe segments buried in soft clay deposit similar to that present in Bohai Gulf, China. Pipe segments with three different diameters (= 30 mm, 50 mm and 80 mm) were buried in different depth-to-diameter ratios ranging from 1 to 8. Based on the results of laboratory tests, nonlinear force–displacement relations are proposed to model soil resistance mobilized during pipeline movement. The proposed nonlinear soil resistance models are employed in finite element analysis of buried pipelines with different amplitudes of initial geometric imperfections. Thermal upheaval buckling behavior of pipelines operating at different temperatures is studied. Results show that the capacity of pipeline against thermal buckling increases with the burial depth and decreases with the amplitude of initial imperfection.     

Simplified method for quasi-static collision assessment of a damaged tanker side panel

The paper presents a simplified analytical method to examine the energy absorbing mechanisms of intact and damaged small-scale stiffened plate specimens, quasi-statically punched at the mid-span by a rigid wedge indenter. The specimens scaled from a tanker side panel are limited by one span between web frames and stringers. The influence of the initial damage on the impact response is based on the plastic behaviour of an intact specimen. The initial damage is provoked at one-quarter from the support by the same indenter that, afterwards, punches the specimen at the mid-span. In practice, initial imperfections of this type could be due to minor incidents during ship service operation, such as collision of ships with floating objects. To validate the proposed simplified method, experiments and numerical simulations are conducted. The experimentally obtained force-displacement responses and shapes of the deformation show good agreement with the simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The analytical method derives expressions to estimate the energy dissipated by the intact and the damaged specimens based on the plastic deformation mechanisms, assuming that both the plate and stiffener structural components absorb the incident energy through the rotation of the plastic hinges at the point of contact and at the supports and the membrane tension over the plastically deforming region between the loading and the supports.     

悬索桥主缆初张力对成桥结构性能的影响

天津富民桥为单塔空间索面自锚式悬索桥,其主跨主缆由塔顶中点向两侧对称张开至桥面梁端两侧的锚碇,呈空间曲面状态。运用通用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对天津富民桥进行3种不同主缆空缆初张力条件下成桥过程的模拟计算,研究空间索面悬索桥主缆初张力对成桥结构性能的影响。研究结果表明:成桥时,主缆初张力越小,在结构自重作用下主梁底部应力、主缆张力也越小、主塔应力与锚碇应力也越小,主缆初张力的大小对成桥时吊索索力的大小及分布没有明显影响;在活荷载作用下,主缆初张力越小,悬索桥结构体系产生的主缆张力增量则越大,吊索索力增量也越大,即更多的荷载通过吊索传递到主缆,相应地主梁承担的荷载较小,主梁挠度、梁底纵桥向应力随主缆初张力的减小而变小。总之,主缆初张力越小,悬索桥结构体系的性能越佳。     

臂架变幅运动区域选取的方法

在组合臂架变幅过程中需要解决两个问题:(1)初始参数的确定;(2)运动区间的确定。文章综合考虑两点,在对初始参数进行改善的基础上,将同伦方程引入连杆曲线方程的分析中,并采用数值延拓技术,扩大迭代求解连杆曲线方的收敛范围。     

Modeling measurement errors and missing initial values in freeway dynamic origin–destination estimation systems

Most existing dynamic origin–destination (O–D) estimation approaches are grounded on the assumption that a reliable initial O–D set is available and traffic volume data from detectors are accurate. However, in most traffic systems, both types of critical information are either not available or subjected to some level of measurement errors such as traffic counts and speed measurement from sensors. To contend with those critical issues, this study presents two robust algorithms, one for estimation of an initial O–D set and the other for tackling the input measurement errors with an extended estimation algorithm. The core concept of the initial O–D estimation algorithm is to decompose the target network in a number of sub-networks based on proposed rules, and then execute the estimation of the initial O–D set iteratively with the observable information at the first time interval. To contend with the inevitable detector measurement error, this study proposes an interval-based estimation algorithm that converts each model input data as an interval with its boundaries being set based on some prior knowledge. The performance of both proposed algorithms has been tested with a simulated system, the I-95 freeway corridor between I-495 and I-695, and the results are quite promising.