Level and attitude control of the active suspension system with integral and derivative action

A 7-DOF full-car model with optimal active control suspension is utilized to evaluate the vehicle dynamic performances which are achieved through proposed controllers. The optimal controller, which includes the integral action for the suspension deflection, considerably improves the attitude control of a vehicle because the rolling and pitching motion in cornering and braking maneuvers are reduced, respectively. In the viewpoint of level control, the integral control acting on the suspension deflection results in the zero steady-state deflection in response to static body forces and ramp road input. The dynamic characteristics of the suspension control system are evaluated in terms of time domain and frequency domain. The simulations in the time domain demonstrate the advantages of the active suspension system obtained by penalizing the integral and derivative of suspension deflections and the derivative of roll and pitch angles in the performance index. The frequency characteristic curves obtained by simulations regarding integral action or derivative action show the increase of both ride comfort and road-holding performances by maximizing the use of suspension deflections. The potential of derivative control is shown by the performances of the car traveling over a bump and braking.     

凸轮轴的自动测量及数据处理评定方法(2)

在凸轮测量中,采用曲线对称最小误差法,可精确确定键销或定位销的相位基准;采用“敏感点”附近最小误差法,可精确确定凸轮“桃尖”位置。凸轮轴自动测量仪实现了对凸轮轴加工质量进行高效、高精度检测,对凸轮轴加工进行实时监控,为提高凸轮轴产品质量和生产效率提供了可靠保证。     

丹本高速公路草河口特大桥悬臂浇筑施工中挠度的测量与控制

总结悬臂浇筑施工中挠度测量与控制方法，提高工程施工精确度，保证工程外观与内在施工质量。     

直流大电流在线校准标准器的研制

介绍了直流大电流在线校准标准器的用途、主要技术性能、结构、设计原理及特点。     

基于图像识别的轮轨冲角测量系统研究

为了解决机车车辆运行过程中轮轨冲角的连续测量问题,研究基于运动图像识别的轮轨冲角测量原理,提出轮轨冲角测量方法。运用该方法研制了由图像采集系统、同步采集控制系统、图像处理软件等组成的轮轨冲角测量系统,通过连续测量转向架侧架与轨道的夹角和轮对与侧架的夹角计算轮轨冲角。应用该测量方法对DF8B三轴径向转向架机车进行实车线路试验,测得该车径向机构锁定和不锁定两种状态下通过250 m半径曲线时的第一轴和第三轴轮轨冲角变化曲线。     

大型船用轴流风机流场数值仿真及其气动噪声源特性研究

基于Realizable k-e双方程湍流模型,利用CFD软件建立了某型船用轴流风机内部流场的仿真模型,分析了转速1460rpm时,不同工况下轴流风机出口压力和效率随流量的变化关系,深入研究了叶轮区域的气体流动的压力和速度的分布、形成过程及相互关系。分析发现,在叶片叶顶区域,由叶顶间隙涡形成的叶顶间隙噪声是该轴流风机的主要气动噪声源;湍流强度与声功率级具有较为一致的分布趋势,湍流强度是影响噪声分布的重要因素。研究结果对分析大型船用轴流风机气动噪声产生机理具有参考价值,并为降低其噪声提供依据。     

桥梁杆索无损检测技术研究

杆索无损检测技术可以不破坏杆索外护套对杆索和锚固端内部进行损伤检测,作为桥梁结构检测的新技术,具有良好的应用前景。本文在国内外多种无损检测研究的基础上,详细分析了各种技术的优缺点和适用范围,对该技术的发展做出展望。     

BRT and BHLS around the world: Explosive growth,large positive impacts and many issues outstanding

A survey of Bus Rapid Transit BRT and Bus of High Level of Service BHLS around the world indicates that there are about 120 cities with bus corridors, with 99 of the cities entering into the list in the last 12 years. The existing bus corridors comprise about 280 corridors, 4300 km, 6700 stations and use 30,000 buses, serving about 28 million passengers per day. In 2010–2011, 19 cities completed new systems − 16 in the developing world – and seven cities expanded their current systems. By late 2011, about 49 new cities were building systems, 16 cities were expanding their corridors, and 31 cities were in initial planning. This impressive growth may be attributed in part to the successes of Curitiba, Bogotá, México City, Istanbul, Ahmedabad and Guangzhou. These cities show low cost, rapid implementation and high performance BRTs, with significant positive externalities. Interesting trends are emerging, such as the implementation of citywide integrated bus systems, improved processes for private participation in operations, increased funding from national governments, and growth of bus manufacturers and technology providers. Despite the growth, there are some outstanding issues: BRT and BHLS do not have a single meaning and image and are often regarded as a “second best” as compared to rail alternatives. In addition several systems in the developing world suffer problems resulting from poor planning, implementation and operation, due to financial, institutional and regulatory constraints. The BRT and BHLS Industry are in their “infancy” and there is need for consolidation and concerted effort.     

The economics of railway safety

This paper reviews the statistics and economics of railway safety in Great Britain, the European Union and the United States, together with some results for Finland and Japan. In these countries railway safety has improved over recent decades. That finding applies both to train accidents and to personal accidents such as persons struck by trains. Fatal train collisions and derailments command most attention even though they are infrequent and account for only a small minority of railway fatalities. Great Britain, the EU and the USA formally espouse conventional cost benefit analysis for the appraisal of railway safety measures, using the same valuations for the prevention of casualties as are used in road safety appraisal. However there are often strong institutional, legal and political pressures towards adopting railway safety measures with safety benefit: cost ratios well below 1. The best-documented examples of this are automatic train protection systems, which are discussed in the paper. Apart from trespassers, the largest group of railway fatalities occur at level crossings, which the paper also discusses. Level crossing safety measures would seem to be an appropriate subject for cost benefit analysis, but there are few case-studies in the literature. Over the last few decades, the railways in many countries have been privatised or deregulated with the aim of improving their economic performance. Such changes have the potential to affect safety. The paper reviews evidence of the effects on safety of railway restructuring in Great Britain, Japan and the United State, and finds no evidence that safety deteriorated.     

船舶燃气轮机装置分布式集成仿真平台设计

针对船舶燃气轮机装置分布式集成仿真的功能,设计了包括应用层、支撑层、通讯层和设备层在内的分布式集成仿真平台体系层次。选择 MATLAB/SIMULINK环境开发应用层和支撑层,选择HLA协议和RTI软件实现通讯层。最终形成了由平台运行管理器、分布式仿真包、模块化模型库、分布式仿真接口以及RTI软件组成的“服务器/运算节点”式的平台运行框架。通过某型双轴燃气轮机在机械推进工作方式下的分布式集成仿真实验,初步验证了平台体系框架的合理性和有效性。