马尔代夫群岛与印度洋的海贝贸易

从史前时期开始,马尔代夫群岛出产的海贝就是印度洋地区不少沿岸国家的传统货币,甚至经由缅甸、暹罗和孟加拉等地辗转输入中国,成为我国云南、四川等西南边疆地区的流通货币。本文根据中外相关文献的记载,对马尔代夫群岛海贝的名称、产地、捕捞、加工、运输、互市、贸易航线、马尔代夫帆船和水手、土著王室的垄断、穆斯林商人等问题逐一进行考察。本文认为,历史上马尔代夫群岛的海贝贸易曾经相当繁盛,孟加拉湾与波斯湾分别是印度洋东部航线与西部航线的海贝集散中心,印度的穆斯林商贾则在其中扮演了相当重要的角色。海贝在印度洋沿岸国家的贸易与流动,就像是一张无形的网络,将古代中国的西南腹地整合进了以孟加拉湾为中心的印度洋货币体系,进而说明古代云南和四川等地曾一度是印度洋海洋文明圈的一个不可分割的组成部分。     

世界汽车工业现状与趋势

本文简要介绍当前世界汽车工业情况和进一步全球化趋势，对影响汽车技术发展的环境，安全与能源三大问题作了概括说明，指出计算机集制造系统，同步工程，精益生产方式等现代技术已经引起汽车制造业的巨大变革。     

Size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass and species composition in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during austral summer

During the late austral summer of 1994, Antarctic waters were characterized by low phytoplankton biomass. Along the 62°E meridian transect, between 49°S and 67°S, chlorophyll (Chl.) a concentration in the upper 150 m was on average 0.2 mg m⁻³. However, in the Seasonal Ice Zone (SIZ) chlorophyll a concentrations were higher, with a characteristic deep chlorophyll maximum. The highest value (0.6 mg Chl. a m⁻³) was measured at the Antarctic Divergence, 64°S, corresponding to the depth of the temperature minimum (100 m). This deep biomass maximum decreased from South to North, disappeared in the Permanently Open Ocean Zone (POOZ) and reappeared with less vigour in the vicinity of the Polar Front Zone (PFZ). In the SIZ, the upper mixed layer was shallow, biomass was higher and the >10 μm fraction was predominant. In this zone the >10 μm, 2–10 μm and <2 μm size fractions represented on the average 46%, 25.1% and 28.9% of the total integrated Chl. a stock in the upper 100 m, respectively. The phytoplankton assemblage was diverse, mainly composed of large diatoms and dinoflagellate cells which contributed 42.7% and 33.1% of the autotrophic carbon biomass, respectively. Moving northwards, in parallel with the decrease in biomass, the biomass of autotrophic pico- and nanoflagellates (mainly Cryptophytes) increased steadily. In the POOZ, the picoplanktonic size fraction contributed 47.4% of the total integrated Chl. a stock. A phytoplankton community structure with low biomass and picoplankton-dominated assemblage in the POOZ contrasted with the relatively rich, diverse and diatom-dominated assemblage in the SIZ. These differences reflect the spatial and temporal variations prevailing in the Southern Ocean pelagic ecosystem.     

走锚预报数学模型

本文通过对锚泊船进行受力分析和受力计算，应用船舶操纵基本方程，建立了风流浪等外力作用下，锚泊船在浅水、低速、大漂角中的运动方程。通过对船舶运动与锚链受力及锚链受力与锚抓力之间的关系进行研究，提出了一般运输船单锚泊时，在设定的海况下进行走锚预报的数学模型。并利用计算机对实船进行模拟计算，取得了与实际情况比较符合的效果。本文对研制开发走锚预报器提供了理论依据，对于提高锚泊安全性作了一种新的尝试。     

船舶变频空调风机节能技术研究

应用当量温差计算法对欧—亚航线上船舶在不同航区的空调动态负荷和风机可调送风量进行了定量描述;阐述了变频技术应用于空调风机的途径;得出了空调风机变频调速,舒适性好,节能率高达５８％以上,具有广阔发展前景的结论     

使用电流法快速查找25Hz相敏轨道电路短路故障

通过分析25Hz相敏轨道电路的电路原理,阐述了通过测试回路中电流的变化,迅速确定轨道电路不同回路中短路故障点位置的过程和方法。     

凤山县农村公路交通基础设施现状及发展思路

文章分析了凤山县交通基础设施建设现状,提出了凤山县"十二五"时期交通发展的思路与主要举措,并对存在的问题加以探讨。     

现代职业教育体系下的高职学生创业问题及对策

文章分析了职业院校学生创业现状,提出了要加强创业教育、完善创业融资机制、优化创业环境、开创符合现代职业教育体系的创业教育模式等解决措施,具有一定的实际指导意义。     

水下船舶判定海面海况技术研究

通过对水下船舶的海浪观测谱分析,提出水下船舶适用的测海况模型,并对该模型进行实验验证,为该类装置的技术改进提供理论和实验支持。     

Social Acceptability of Aquaculture Development in Coastal Areas: The Case of Two Greek Islands

This article examines the acceptance of aquaculture development by residents and visitors of two islands, Cephallonia and Ithaki, in the Ionian Sea, in western Greece. Aquaculture farms have been established recently in both islands, and processing and packaging units in Cephallonia, generating jobs for the local communities and land rents for the villages in the coastal areas near the fish cages. However, the farms and processing and packaging units entail certain negative impacts on the environment. This study reveals that aquaculture farms have found better acceptance in Ithaki, where aqua culture is a form of development suited to this remote, small, predominantly rural island. The degree of acceptability is higher for locals than for tourists, but also for islanders who do not live in the areas where the processing units are situated. Respondents who consider the pollution of the marine environment by the farms to be high, mostly locals and residents of the villages in the vicinity of the aquaculture infrastructure or the main cities in the islands, are more likely to express a negative attitude toward aquaculture and its further development.