新型水下储油技术

针对南海百米左右水深边际油田的开发，提出了一种新型的适用于可移动生产储油平台的水下储油方式。介绍了方案的基本配置、工作流程及维温方式。通过设置不同功能的舱室和布置监测仪器，保留了油水置换低投资的主要优点，避免了环境污染。各种设备位于水面以上，维护方便。基本解决了制约工程应用的技术问题。     

Continuous approximation for skip-stop operation in rail transit

Operating speed of a transit corridor is a key characteristic and has many consequences on its performance. It is generally accepted that an increased operating speed for a given fleet leads to reduced operating costs (per kilometer), travel and waiting times (three changes that can be computed precisely), an improved comfort and level of service, which can attract new passengers who are diverted from automobile (items harder to estimate precisely). That is why several operation schemes which aim to increase the operating speed are studied in the literature, such as deadheading, express services, and stop skipping.A novel category of solutions to this problem for one-way single-track rail transit is to perform accelerated transit operations with fixed stopping schedules. The concept is quite simple: as the time required for stopping at each station is an important part of travel time, reducing it would be a great achievement. Particular operations that take advantage of this idea already exist. This paper focuses on one of them: the skip-stop operation for rail transit lines using a single one-way track. It consists in defining three types of stations: AB stations where all the trains stop, and A and B stations where only half of the trains stop (stations type A and B are allocated interchangeably). This mode of operation is already described in the literature (Vuchic, 1973, Vuchic, 1976, Vuchic, 2005) and has been successfully implemented in the Metro system of Santiago, Chile.This work tackles the problem with a continuous approximation approach. The problem is described with a set of geographically dependent continuous parameters like the density of stations for a given line. Cost functions are built for a traditional (all-stop) operation and for skip-stop operation as described above. A simple example is presented to support this discussion. Finally, a discussion about the type of scenarios in which skip-stop operations are more beneficial is presented.     

海洋平台结构系统可靠性分析及其构件安全等级评判

海洋平台在服役期间将遭遇恶劣的环境载荷，研究其系统可靠性并评价其构件安全等级有着重大意义。本文采用分技界限法寻找结构的主要失效路径，以Ditlevsen界限法求取结构的系统失效概率，最后引进模糊综合评判方法对结构作综合评判．由此得到结构构件的安全等级。文中还具体分析了圆管截面极限方程的建立，讨论了影响系数对系统可靠性计算的影响，得到影响系数与系统失效概率的定性关系。按以上思路编制了空间刚架的通用可靠性分析程序，算例表明程序是合理有效的。     

Trucking industry demand for urban shared use freight terminals

The issue of shared use urban freight facilities first received attention during the 1970s when it was observed that, while inter-urban freight movements were becoming increasingly efficient, there were significant diseconomies in the movement of freight via truck within urban areas. Early research suggested that shared urban freight facilities should be constructed so that trucking companies could consolidate smaller shipments into larger ones. In the past few years, the concept of Urban Ports has gained increasing attention, not just for carriers who need to load and unload freight, but to provide a place near the urban center for truckers to wait out peak traffic periods. In this paper, using recently developed survey data, we examine trucking company interest in such facilities by examining the results of an ordered probit demand model.     

Controlled pipeline lateral buckling by reeling induced curvature imperfections

Expansion of pipelines installed on the sea floor due to the passage of high temperature and pressure hydrocarbons leads to lateral buckling. Interaction with a frictional sea floor can result in localization of such buckles, which must be controlled to ensure that the local bending is within acceptable limits. Periodic geometric imperfections introduced to a pipeline installed by reeling using the Residual Curvature Method are modeled and their effectiveness as expansion loops is evaluated. The imperfections are generated by allowing chosen lengths of the line to retain a small curvature by judicious action at the straightener. The model properly accounts for the complex interactions between geometric and material nonlinearities with frictional forces. It is demonstrated that as the temperature increases, the line can buckle in a snap-through manner, or can grow stably usually causing plastic deformation in its crest. The behavior is governed by the length, curvature, amplitude and periodicity of the imperfection, and by the lateral and axial frictional forces that develop. The effect of each of these variables is studied parametrically. Overall, the Residual Curvature Method is found to be a viable and effective method of controlling lateral buckling. The results provide guidance on the optimal periodicity, how to avoid snap-through buckling, and how to simultaneously minimize plastic bending.     

公路网管理与应急处置服务技术研究

随着公路网规模逐步延伸庞大,公众跨区域出行和物资流动迅猛发展、交通突发事件呈现递增现象,建设公路网管理、应急处置和信息服务系统为必然趋势。分析了公路网日常管理、突发事件应急处置、出行信息服务及基础数据支撑的系统功能需求,以省域公路网为研究对象,基于逻辑框架方法,设计了融合日常监控、突发事件预警监测、资源调配与指挥、多方信息联动等多功能的综合性集成平台系统方案,并给出了突发交通应急事件处置流程。研究表明,所构建系统能够掌握实时全面交通信息,实现全路网的协调管理,有效提升应急处置能力和服务水平。     

海洋平台机舱系统模块化设计与传统设计比较

模块化设计较传统设计在设计流程、设计组织及设计效益上有着诸多不同.本研究以海洋平台机舱系统为研究对象,剖析了两种设计方法下海洋平台机舱系统的设计要素、设计流程及设计组织的特点,并对其特点进行了对比分析,以期为海洋平台的模块化设计提供借鉴.     

环境可持续集装箱班轮运输管理研究综述

集装箱班轮运输业如何在追求成本经济性和服务可靠性的同时做好环境可持续性，对航 运企业、港口运营商以及政府组织都提出了新的挑战。围绕集装箱班轮运输在环境层面实现可 持续发展的目标，本文分别从战略、战术和运营等3个层面就措施、技术和规章制度等所做的研究 进行文献综述、分析发展趋势。战略层面，从市场减排机制和政策的制定、绿色政策、技术及措施 评估和企业竞争与合作等3个方面综述；战术层面，从控制油耗或碳排放的班轮运营优化、预调度 式的绿色班轮运营优化和污染排放控制区的设立对班轮运营优化的影响等3个方面综述；在运营 层面，从控制排放的集装箱调运和反应式的绿色班轮运营优化等两方面综述。按照决策水平、时 间脉络和研究主题分析后发现，该领域的研究趋势变化与行业及政府的环境政策紧密关联。其 次，从决策水平和问题类别来看，针对战术层决策的研究远多于针对战略和执行两层。第三，从 决策主体来看，大部分研究以航运公司作为单独的决策主体。本文建议：继续在优化班轮运输中 考虑多目标，将多目标优化作为决策手段可兼顾经济、环境以及社会责任，有利于航运可持续发 展；结合行业实践提炼科学问题，国际航运、尤其班轮运输极易受到政策导向、世界经济环境的影 响；从供应链角度研究集装箱班轮运输的可持续发展问题；为配合在运营层面的努力，还要研究 通过技术途径或手段推动班轮运输业可持续发展；借鉴其他运输行业较为成熟的绿色环保发展 思路促进班轮运输环境可持续发展。     

Environmental lumping for efficient fatigue assessment of large-diameter monopile wind turbines

Fatigue damage is one of the governing factors for the design of offshore wind turbines. However, the full fatigue assessment is a time-consuming task. During the design process, the site-specific environmental parameters are usually condensed by a lumping process to reduce the computational effort. Preservation of fatigue damage during lumping requires an accurate consideration of the met-ocean climate and the dynamic response of the structure. Two lumping methods (time-domain and frequency-domain) have been evaluated for a monopile-based 10 MW offshore wind turbine, both based on damage-equivalent contour lines. Fatigue damage from lumped load cases was compared to full long-term fatigue assessment. The lumping methods had an accuracy of 94–98% for the total long-term fatigue damage and 90% for individual wind speed classes, for aligned wind and waves. Fatigue damage was preserved with the same accuracy levels for the whole support structure. A significant reduction of computational time (93%) was achieved compared to a full long-term fatigue assessment. For the cases with 30° and 60° wind-wave misalignment, there was a mean underestimation of approximately 10%. Variations in penetration depth did not affect the selection of the lumped sea-state parameters. This work presents a straightforward method for the selection of damage-equivalent lumped load cases, which can adequately preserve long-term fatigue damage throughout the support structure, providing considerable reduction of computational effort.