公铁两用挖掘机上道作业防倾覆机构设计

公铁两用挖掘机因上道、下道灵活便捷,改装后具备换枕、道床整形等功能得以逐步推广应用。为保障公铁两用挖掘机通过曲线及大臂旋转90°时的作业安全,设计防倾覆机构,依靠勾舌抱紧钢轨轨头外侧下缘的方式平衡倾覆力矩,保持车辆稳定。防倾覆机构采用液压驱动,通过油缸控制勾舌开合,完成挖掘机上道、下道和工作状态转换。运用试验证明,设置防倾覆机构可以保障上道走行和作业安全,是公铁两用挖掘机能够正常作业的必要条件之一。     

安全通信规范Subset-098的安全性分析

以EN50129和EN50159为依据,对欧洲列车运行控制系统（ETCS）的安全通信规范Subset-098进行分析。分析过程包括定性分析通信安全威胁的防御技术、定量计算安全码的长度,以及安全码检错的仿真实验。结果表明在非可信通信通道上,Subset-098安全通信规范可以为安全完整性等级达SIIA级的列车运行控制系统提供安全的信息传输服务,满足列车运行控制系统对通信的安全性需求。     

地下水水位上升对地铁隧道结构的影响分析

在分析北京地区地下水水位上升情况的基础上,采用FLAC数值模拟方法,以拱顶埋深6 m、直径10 m的地铁隧道为例,研究地下水水位逐步回升情况下,隧道结构在位移、变形、内力(弯矩和轴力)、塑性区等方面的变化趋势和分布规律。分析结果表明,在地下水水位明显回升的情况下,隧道发生整体上浮、结构整体破坏的可能性不大,但会使隧道结构的内力(弯矩和轴力)发生变化,并且产生变形,会对地铁结构产生一定的影响。这些变化甚至有可能引起结构的开裂、渗水以及由此带来的一系列问题。因此在进行地铁、地下结构的规划、设计和施工过程中应对地下水的变化给予重视。     

EI32-JD计算机联锁系统中电磁兼容机柜的设计方法

简要叙述电磁兼容的基本理论、概念和电磁兼容的关键技术即屏蔽技术、滤波技术、接地技术和浪涌抑制技术等,结合电磁兼容理论提出电磁兼容机柜的具体设计方法。     

高速动车组角焊缝应力集中的识别方法

针对高速动车组焊接构架角焊缝处应力集中无法采用名义应力法识别的问题,基于结构应力法,将角焊缝焊趾处的非线性应力分解为满足外载荷平衡的结构应力和自平衡的缺口应力,然后根据力的平衡方程得到各节点力及其力矩与线力及其线力矩间的对应关系,进而推导出结构应力的计算公式,并给出角焊缝应力集中识别流程;基于所给出的算法和识别流程,采用C/C++以及ANSYS软件提供的APDL语言开发出焊接结构应力识别专用软件WSS,对某高速动车组焊接构架上诸多角焊缝应力集中进行识别,验证了基于结构应力的角焊缝应力集中识别方法不仅能给出应力集中的具体位置,还能给出具体的应力峰值及其对应的疲劳寿命,可用于优化高速动车组焊接构架的抗疲劳设计。     

城市公交服务乘客满意度指数模型

城市公共交通作为基础的公共服务领域之一,其发展程度直接反映了城市的出行条件和城市交通的整体发展水平。为了提高公交服务水平,国内外学者都从乘客角度入手,对公交服务乘客满意度进行了理论和实证研究。提出公交服务乘客满意度指数模型,该模型借鉴美国顾客满意度指数模型的核心概念,根据我国公交行业的特点进行改进,并进行了实证研究。以沈阳市公交车线路为测量对象,选取25条公交线路的乘客进行随车调查,并应用结构方程模型方法对调查数据进行分析,由此初步建立了由乘客期望、感知质量、乘客满意、乘客忠诚等结构变量构成的城市公交服务乘客满意度指数模型。分析和验证结果显示,实际调查数据与理论模型拟合较好,说明乘客满意度指数模型的建立较为成功,并可以应用到公交领域。     

大断面跨海盾构隧道结构设计与参数分析

为获得精细、合理化的大断面盾构隧道结构设计方法,文章依托某大断面跨海隧道工程,对其结构选型和结构参数进行了分析。从管片拼装方式与分块、管片连接方式、管片材料等方面,分析了管片结构的选型方法;从计算模型的选取、计算工况与荷载的确定、参数的选取、计算结果等方面,分析讨论了管片横断面和隧道纵向结构的数值模拟计算方法及其适用性。结果表明:采用梁-弹簧模型、均质圆环模型计算管片横断面时所得的内力分布并不相同,在实际设计中应以前者计算结果为主,后者进行复核;在地基变化剧烈处,盾构隧道易出现较大的纵向弯矩和管片环间剪力,可通过采用设置变形缝、硬岩破碎等方式予以处理。     

Sustainable urban futures from transportation and planning to networked urban mobilities

When discussing the future of cities, there is a tendency to focus on technology that will make cities and mobilities more sustainable. A bit further down the line the question of understanding or changing everyday practice arises – how to get people to transform their current mobility practice, or to adjust to the technologies introduced. As a key to understanding and changing practice I argue that storytelling plays a crucial role on different scales. In line with this, the concept of structural stories can be used to understand how specific framings of modes of transport guides everyday practices. To illustrate this, I will use the example of a concept of redesigning Copenhagen’s streets. On these streets space is redistributed so that pedestrians, cyclists and busses get more space, and more space is created for public places and city life. Consequently, the space allocated for cars and parking is scaled down.     

Simultaneous modeling of individuals’ duration and expenditure decisions in out-of-home leisure activities

In this paper, we propose an activity model under time and budget constraints to simultaneously predict the allocation of time and money to out-of-home leisure activities. The proposed framework considers the activity episode level, given that the activity is scheduled. Thus, the model considers the decision of the quantities for duration and expenditure spent during the activity. We use a flexible utility function and show how the simultaneous equations can be estimated by using structural equations model (SEM) estimation techniques to handle the endogeneity problem of time and expenditure. The estimation results are based on a large national leisure diary data set collected in 2008 in the Netherlands, which provides detailed information about time and money spent as well as timing and location attributes of the activities. The analysis reveals that socio-demographics, travel party, timing and location variables influence the duration and expenditure of activity episodes. It shows that various socio-demographic groups display different preferences in terms of the time and money spent on activities. The results also indicate substitution relationships between spending more time and money for various activity categories. Thus it is concluded that the analysis provides useful results for a better understanding of combined time and money allocation decisions for leisure activities.