铁路货运市场化定价机制探讨

为发挥价格政策对资源配置的引导和调节作用,以提高效益为目的,综合运用各种价格调节手段,构建合理的运价体系和结构,理顺不同环节间的价格关系,实现科学合理定价,在分析货运价格体系现状的基础上,提出市场化定价的基本原则和定价依据,从运作机制、定价关系、定价手段等方面对铁路货运市场化定价进行研究,制定实施符合铁路运输行业特征、...     

The determinants of long distance travel in Great Britain

This study analyses of the determinants of long distance travel in Great Britain using data from the 1995-2006 National Travel Surveys (NTSs). The main objective is to determine the effects of socio-economic, demographic and geographic factors on long distance travel. The estimated models express the distance travelled for long distance journeys as a function of income, gender, age, employment status, household characteristics, area of residence, size of municipality, type of residence and length of time living in the area. A time trend is also included to capture common changes in long distance travel over time not included in the explanatory variables. Separate models are estimated for total travel, travel by each of four modes (car, rail, coach and air), travel by five purposes (business, commuting, leisure, holiday and visiting friends and relatives (VFRs)) and two journey lengths (<150 miles and 150+ miles one way), as well as the 35 mode-purpose-distance combinations.The results show that long distance travel is strongly related to income: air is most income-elastic, followed by rail, car and finally coach. This is the case for most journey purposes and distance bands. Notable is the substantial difference in income elasticities for rail for business/commuting as opposed to holiday/leisure/VFR. In addition, the income elasticity for coach travel is very low, and zero for the majority of purpose-distance bands, suggesting coach travel to be an inferior mode in comparison to car, rail and air. Regarding journey distance, we find that longer distance journeys are more income elastic than shorter journeys.For total long distance travel, the study indicates that women travel less than men, the elderly less than younger people, the employed and students more than others, those in one adult households more than those in larger households and those in households with children less than those without. Long distance travel is also lowest for individuals living in London and greatest for those in the South West, and increases as the size of the municipality declines.     

浅谈涵洞的设计

涵洞作为一种可以满足不切断水流且使路基连续要求的小型结构物,在公路建设中得到了广泛应用。文章从外业勘察与内业设计两方面工作入手,介绍了涵洞设计的主要内容、原则及注意事项。     

一起船舶碰撞事故的处理措施

根据亲身经历的一起船舶碰撞事故，介绍为减少事故损失而作的应急处理，及而后为使船舶适航而采取的临时处理措施。     

伽利略系统及其在海事方面的应用

卫星导航在各领域的应用越来越普及，欧洲自主开发的民用全球卫星导航系统GNSs(Global Navigation Satellite System)，即伽利略(Galileo)计划正受到广泛关注，我国也积极参与了该计划的研究与应用开发。在简要介绍伽利略计划的基础上，对伽利略系统提供的服务、伽利略系统的结构及其在海事方面的应用做了进一步探讨。     

高职学报办刊现状调查及其分析

随着高等职业技术教育的发展，高职学报的整体水平有了明显提高。在推动科技进步，促进高职院校教学、科研和学术交流等方面发挥着越来越大的作用，成为高职院校进行对外学术交流的重要“窗口”，但高职学报在办刊的过程中还存在许多问题亟待解决。     

船舶建造检验的首要环节开工前检查

本文对船舶建造检验开工前检查的重要性、检查的重点、存在问题进行了分析,并提出了解决问题的办法和建议。     

内河船舶航行香港航线防止空气污染的检验与管理

内河船舶航行香港航线，应满足香港《商船（防止空气污染）规例》的要求，并持有防止空气污染证书。本文结合香港规例、内河船检法规及中国海事局文件要求，按照新船与现有船舶进行区分，介绍了航行香港的内河船舶防止空气污染方面的检验要求，并提出相应的管理建议。关键词：内河船舶防止空气污染检验要求     

Ridesharing: The state-of-the-art and future directions

Although ridesharing can provide a wealth of benefits, such as reduced travel costs, congestion, and consequently less pollution, there are a number of challenges that have restricted its widespread adoption. In fact, even at a time when improving communication systems provide real-time detailed information that could be used to facilitate ridesharing, the share of work trips that use ridesharing has decreased by almost 10% in the past 30 years.In this paper we present a classification to understand the key aspects of existing ridesharing systems. The objective is to present a framework that can help identify key challenges in the widespread use of ridesharing and thus foster the development of effective formal ridesharing mechanisms that would overcome these challenges and promote massification.     

Public perceptions of toll roads: A survey of the Texas perspective

Like many U.S. states, Texas is experiencing shortfalls in transportation funding, along with growing needs for system improvements. Accordingly, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is turning to tolling to bridge the funding gap. To assist planning efforts and effectively direct public information, a telephone survey of 2111 Texans was undertaken statewide to gauge public opinion on tolling issues.Some issues yielded a definite consensus among survey respondents. Over 70% agreed on attending to existing roads first, keeping existing roads toll-free, reducing tolls after construction, using revenues within the same region, charging higher tolls for trucks, not imposing SOV tolls, and maintaining the same toll rates during rush-hours. Some opinions varied by region. Austinites were more likely to support additional transportation spending, while residents of the Lower Rio Grande Valley were less supportive of raising the gas tax and of public/private partnerships. Opinions also varied with survey design. In eight places in the survey, optional text was provided or question order was modified to intentionally influence response. For two questions, support for tolling was decreased when information on personal transportation costs and higher gas tax rates in other states was offered. Ordered probit and binomial and multinomial logit models were estimated to assess the impact of demographic and travel characteristics on respondent opinions, and results for key issues are presented here. Opinions across demographic groups also were examined. The survey was successful at measuring opinions on several key tolling issues and should prove a useful tool for transportation planners and policymakers.