基于Autodesk平台的山区隧道BIM应用研究

为有效解决隧道建模标准化、三维实体精确化、施工管理信息化等问题，以邹平县广富隧道为例、Autodesk平台为基础，根据设计图纸内容对隧道整体结构进行细分，形成一套成熟的隧道建模规则命名体系。采用Civil 3D+Dynamo+Revit软件交互实施体系，实现对隧道建模的精细控制；采用中建八局BIM协同管理平台对施工全过程进行信息化管理，该平台优势在于以Autodesk平台精细模型的各构件为信息源，并以此为选择基础，提出对项目生产、质量、安全、设计、资料等的全方位管理；同时，模型、资料、审批信息等内容相互关联，真正实现工程资料闭合。     

Theoretical and experimental excitation force spectra for railway-induced ground vibration: vehicle–track–soil interaction,irregularities and soil measurements

Excitation force spectra are necessary for a realistic prediction of railway-induced ground vibration. The excitation forces cause the ground vibration and they are themselves a result of irregularities passed by the train. The methods of the related analyses – the wavenumber integration for the wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils, the combined finite-element boundary-element method for the vehicle–track–soil interaction – have already been presented and are the base for the advanced topic of this contribution. This contribution determines excitation force spectra of railway traffic by two completely different methods. The forward analysis starts with vehicle, track and soil irregularities, which are taken from literature and axle-box measurements, calculates the vehicle–track interaction and gets theoretical force spectra as the result. The second method is a backward analysis from the measured ground vibration of railway traffic. A calculated or measured transfer function of the soil is used to determine the excitation force spectrum of the train. A number of measurements of different soils and different trains with different speeds are analysed in that way. Forward and backward analysis yield the same approximate force spectra with values around 1 kN for each axle and third of octave.     

Two-dimensional numerical simulation and experiment on strongly nonlinear wave–body interactions

A constrained interpolation profile (CIP)-based Cartesian grid method for strongly nonlinear wave–body interaction problems is presented and validated by a newly designed experiment, which is performed in a two-dimensional wave channel. In the experiment, a floating body that has a rectangular section shape is used. A superstructure is installed on the deck and a small floating-body freeboard is adopted in order to easily obtain water-on-deck phenomena. A forced oscillation test in heave and a wave–body interaction test are carried out. The numerical simulation is performed by the CIP-based Cartesian grid method, which is described in this paper. The CIP scheme is applied in the Cartesian grid-based flow solver. New improvements of the method include an interface-capturing method that applies the tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing (THINC) scheme and a virtual particle method for the floating body. The efficiency of the THINC scheme is shown by a dam-breaking computation. Numerical simulations on the experimental problem for both the forced oscillation test and the wave–body interaction test are carried out, and the results are compared to the measurements. All of the comparisons are reasonably good. It is shown, based on the numerical examples, that the present CIP-based Cartesian grid method is an accurate and efficient method for predicting strongly nonlinear wave–body interactions.     

Study on the derailment behaviour of a railway wheelset with solid axles in a railway turnout

ABSTRACT

Dynamic wheel–rail interaction in railway turnouts is more complicated than on ordinary track. In order to evaluate the derailment behaviour of railway wheelsets in railway turnouts, this paper presents a study of dynamic wheel–rail interaction during a wheel flange climbs on the turnout rails, by applying the elasticity positioning wheelset model. A numerical model is established based on a coupled finite element method and multi-body dynamics, and applied to study the derailment behaviour of a railway wheelset in both the facing and trailing directions in a railway turnout, as well as dynamic wheel–turnout rail interaction during the wheel flange climbing on the turnout rails. The influence of the wheel–rail attack angle and the friction coefficient on the dynamic derailment behaviour is investigated through the proposed model. The results show that the derailment safety for a wheelset passing the railway turnout in facing direction is significantly lower than that for the trailing direction and the ordinary track. The possibility of derailment for the wheelset passing the railway turnout in facing and trailing directions at positive wheel–rail attack angles will increase with an increase in the attack angles, and the possibility of derailment can be reduced by decreasing the friction coefficient.     

机械和螺旋桨振动噪声作用下的物探船水下辐射噪声数值预报

探讨了考虑机械噪声和螺旋桨噪声共同作用下物探船水下辐射噪声有效计算方法,采用基于结构有限元-声学边界元的声固耦合模式直接一体化计算水下总辐射噪声级。建立了某物探船整船三维结构有限元模型以及流体声学边界元模型。在船体总振动响应分析基础上,将螺旋桨噪声以点声源的形式与机械振动源同时输入到统一声学环境中求解,对物探船水下辐射噪声进行数值预报,给出了物探船辐射噪声指向特性,并比较了两类噪声源一体化计算方法与直接叠加合成方法在物探船水下辐射噪声计算结果的差异。研究表明,采用机械噪声与螺旋桨噪声直接叠加合成总辐射声级的方法在工程精度上可接受,但一体化计算是更合理的处理方式。     

动力定位船舶桨-桨干扰处理策略研究

本文针对动力定位船舶在推力分配中桨-桨之间的水动力干扰问题,基于二次规划算法提出了一种改进的避免桨-桨干扰的策略。以一艘海洋平台供应船模型为研究对象,通过仿真验证了该算法可以有效地降低推进器的推力损失,提高船舶的定位精度,降低推进系统的能耗。     

高强铝合金加筋薄壁梁板元相互作用研究

本文进行了某典型高强铝合金加筋薄壁梁的弯剪承载特性研究。依据工程要求设计了三种缩尺试验模型:横向加筋薄壁梁、附加纵向止裂筋薄壁梁和腹板开口补强薄壁梁。静力加载试验表明:(1)试验件破坏均由受压翼缘的局部屈曲破坏导致,但是不同试验件的屈曲翼缘弯曲变形方向不同;(2)处于腹板受拉区的纵向止裂筋不影响结构承载特性;(3)特别地,试验发现跨中腹板开口补强引起了相邻梁段屈曲翼缘承载力显著提升,目前普遍认为横向加强筋隔开的板元之间无相互作用,因此可以认为这是一种新的板元承载力相互作用。进而,基于被试验验证的有限元模型进行了材料屈曲强度的参数化分析,并证实材料屈服强度越高,板元相互作用引起的屈曲翼缘的承载力变化幅度越大。     

重庆鱼洞长江特大桥地震反应分析

以重庆鱼洞长江大桥为研究对象,建立了大跨度高墩连续刚构桥的空间计算模型,考虑群桩与桩土效应,分析其动力特性,并运用反应谱法与时程分析法计算了一致激励及下大跨连续刚构的地震响应。分析结果表明:该桥动力特性符合设计要求,其横向地震响应比纵向大,具有良好的抗震性能。     

筏板基础与地基共同作用体系可靠性分析初探

为对筏板基础与地基共同作用体系可靠性分析进行探讨,建立了共同体系的计算公式。通过算例介绍了可靠性分析的计算过程,据此可进一步分析各种因素对可靠性的影响,为工程设计提供理论依据,也是后续进一步要做的工作。     

路基堆载下软土侧移对桥台桩基影响研究综述

根据国内外文献,综述现有路基堆载下软土侧向位移对桥台桩基影响的研究概况,着重介绍了桥台桩基在路基堆载下的变形规律试验、路堤下覆软土侧移对桩身的极限侧压力计算方法以及桩土相互作用计算方法等的研究成果,简要论述了存在的问题及今后进一步研究的方向。