单叶片螺旋钢桩竖向承载特性数值分析

为分析单叶片螺旋钢桩在砂土地层竖向抗压承载特征,结合单叶片螺旋钢桩现场静载试验进行有限元软件模拟。将数值计算结果与现场实测数据进行对比分析,验证其数值计算结果的可靠性,其次采用该有限元软件分别模拟不同相对密实度砂土中几何参数不同的单叶片螺旋钢桩静载试验而得到不同荷载-位移曲线,同时将螺旋叶片直径的5%位移值对应荷载作为桩极限承载力。考虑砂土相对密实度,钢桩埋深,螺旋叶片直径,中心钢轴4个参数变化对单叶片螺旋钢桩极限承载力影响。结果表明:单叶片螺旋钢桩桩周土层的相对密实度和桩埋深是影响承载力的主要参数,螺旋钢桩叶片直径影响次之,钢轴直径的影响最小;同时,单叶片螺旋钢桩极限承载力增量百分比在松砂中最大,中密砂次之,密砂最小。     

A general scaled model design method of stiffened plate subjected to combined longitudinal compression and lateral pressure considering the ultimate strength and collapse modes

A general and efficient scaled method for stiffened plates subjected to combined longitudinal compression and lateral pressure is proposed based on slenderness, simply by adjusting the number of stiffeners. The design method makes it easier to determine the dimensions of the scaled model for a given scale ratio compared with the previously proposed method. The emphasis is on the influence of the plate slenderness, the column slenderness, and the non-dimensional parameter of the lateral pressure on the ultimate strength. By maintaining the consistency of the plate slenderness and column slenderness, the proposed method is applicable for designing scaled models with materials of different yield stresses and Young's moduli. A similar effect of the lateral pressure on the ultimate strength of the prototype and scaled models is achieved by maintaining the non-dimensional parameter. In addition, the applicability of the scaled method to the initial deflection is considered, which provides a reference for similar models. The similitude of the scaled method is verified for several typical buckling modes, including the beam–column, tripping, web and overall collapse modes. Given the numerical results, the proposed general and fast scaled method can provide reasonable dimensions of scaled stiffened plates subjected to combined loads.     

扩底抗拔桩极限承载力半经验半理论计算方法与试验验证

文章考虑了土体力学特性,以及桩身材料性质、桩长与桩径(含扩底直径)、桩顶埋深、桩顶卸载与加载、群桩效应等诸多因素的影响,结合工程经验给出了计算扩底抗拔桩极限承载力的半经验半理论方法;根据扩底抗拔桩破坏面位置不同,将扩底抗拔桩破坏模式分为三类(即破坏面延伸至地表的整体剪切破坏、破坏面介于地表与扩孔段之间的局部剪切破坏与破坏面位于扩孔段附近的冲剪破坏),推导出了整体剪切破坏模式的极限平衡状态方程;并依据扩底抗拔桩轴对称条件与土体抗拉强度小的力学特征,给出了求解整体破坏面的微分筒数值解法;利用经验法估算了局部剪切破坏、冲剪破坏模式下的端阻力,进而给出了任意土层中扩底抗拔桩承载力计算步骤与方法;最后,结合一足尺试验的计算分析与承载力测试比较,验证了计算方法的可靠性与精确度。     

桩基础极限荷载确定方法综述

复杂场地条件、高承载、异型结构、超长、复合材料等的桩基础发展趋势,使得桩基础极限荷载准确确定愈发重要,实现传统手段的桩基础极限荷载确定方法也面临较大困难。文中分析了原位试验方法、经验公式方法和数值仿真试验方法的三类共9种确定方法的优缺点和适用条件,表明依据桩基础特性选用适当的极限荷载确定方法的重要性,且加强使用数值仿真计算方法辅助试验手段,降低试验检测成本,将对工程建设经济性、安全性意义重大。     

Ultimate strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads part 1: Nonlinear finite element analysis

This paper is the first of two companion papers concerning the ultimate hull girder strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads. In the midship part of container ships, upward bottom local loads are usually larger than the downward ones. This leads to the increase of biaxial compression in the outer bottom plating and the reduction of the ultimate hull girder strength in the hogging condition. In this Part 1, the collapse behavior and ultimate strength of container ships under combined hogging moment and bottom local loads are analyzed using nonlinear finite element method. Buckling collapse behavior of bottom stiffened panels during the progressive collapse of a hull girder is closely investigated. It has been found that major factors of the reduction of ultimate hogging strength due to bottom local loads are (1) the increase of the longitudinal compression in the outer bottom and (2) the reduction of the effectiveness of the inner bottom, which is on the tension side of local bending of the double bottom. The obtained results will be utilized in the Part 2 paper to develop a simplified method of progressive collapse analysis of container ships under combined hogging moment and bottom local loads.     

Ultimate load analysis of a 10 MW offshore monopile wind turbine incorporating fully nonlinear irregular wave kinematics

Loads from storm waves can in some cases be dimensioning for offshore wind turbine substructures. Accurate determination of nonlinear wave loads is therefore important for a safe, yet economic design. In this paper, the fully nonlinear waves, realized by a fully nonlinear potential wave solver OceanWave3D, are incorporated into coupled aero-servo-hydro-elastic simulations for a reduced set of wave-sensitive design load cases, in comparison with the widely used linear and constrained waves. The coupled aero-elastic simulations are performed for the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine on a large monopile at 33 m water depth using the aero-elastic code HAWC2. Effect of the wave nonlinearity is investigated in terms of the ultimate sectional moments at tower bottom and monopile mudline. Higher ultimate moments, 5% at tower bottom and 13% at monopile mudline as maximum, are predicated when the nonlinear waves are used. It could be explained by the fact that the extreme nonlinear waves, that are close to the breaking limit, can induce resonant ringing-type responses, and hereby dominate the ultimate load responses. However, the constrained wave approach shows marginal difference compared to the standard linear wave approach. It can be concluded at least for the present configuration that the industry standard approaches (linear and constrained wave approach) underestimate the ultimate load responses on offshore wind turbines in severe sea states.     

Q500qE高性能钢工型梁极限承载力研究

为评估Q500qE高性能钢梁的塑性水平和安全储备,设计Q500qE高性能钢和Q345qD普通低合金钢全尺寸试验工型梁,通过模型试验和有限元分析方法进行极限承载力研究.结果表明:Q500qE高性能钢梁有较好的塑性,不会因为屈强比大而发生脆性破坏;Q500qE与Q345qD工型梁的荷载一位移曲线以及塑性发展过程类似,均没有出现明显的屈服平台;两者不同塑性发展阶段作用荷载与材料的名义屈服倚载的比值基本相等,说明Q500qE高性能钢梁有与Q345qD钢梁基本相同的安全储备.试验梁加载过程各关键作用荷载对应的挠度有限元计算结果与试验值基本一致,误差较小,表明本文有限元分析中选用的多线性随动强化模型模拟高性能钢的本构关系是合理的.     

铁路桥梁群钉组合结构极限承载力和静力行为分析

针对我国铁路桥梁中应用的钢—混凝土组合结构,根据推出试验结果,采用最小二乘非线性拟合得到C 50混凝土中13和22栓钉的荷载—滑移关系式。通过群钉组合结构极限承载力试验,并结合所提出的群钉组合结构有限元模拟方法,研究钉群平均极限承载力的折减、钉群受力分布及其影响因素。研究结果表明:在群钉组合结构中,钉群平均极限承载力较单钉极限承载力有较大程度的折减,最多达到18%;钉群受力具有明显的不均匀性,由上到下呈马鞍形分布,随着荷载的增加,栓钉受力发生重分布,接近极限荷载时,各栓钉受力基本均匀。栓钉刚度、加载方式等都是钉群受力不均匀性的主要影响因素。栓钉刚度越大,钉群平均承载力折减越多。加载方式对群钉组合结构极限承载力基本没有影响,但在荷载较小时对钉群受力不均匀程度的影响较大,而随着荷载的增加,其影响逐渐减小。有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合良好,验证了所提出的群钉组合结构有限元模拟方法正确、可行。     

杆端缩尺钢桁架桥梁结构静力计算与优化分析

以某下承式铁路钢桁架简支梁桥的单榀Warren桁架为研究对象,对杆端缩尺钢桁架桥梁结构及其端部缩尺压杆进行有限元分析和用钢量优化,重点研究杆端缩尺参数对杆件内力、截面应力、结构刚度、结构弹性稳定、压杆极限承载力、最小用钢量等的影响.结果表明:杆件截面高度缩尺是最理想的杆端缩尺方案;随着缩尺幅度的增大,桁架结构的杆件轴力变化很小,但杆端次弯矩和剪力显著减小,且结构竖向刚度和弹性稳定性有所降低.通过适当提高缩尺段的钢材强度等级,端部缩尺压杆的极限承载力将不低于未缩尺压杆,并可在满足结构强度、刚度及稳定性要求的前提下,进一步通过杆件截面优化,得到比未缩尺设计更小的结构用钢量.     

FRP布约束混凝土圆柱轴心受压性能非线性有限元分析

采用非线性分析程序ABAQUS，考虑混凝土在三轴状态下的非线性行为及纤维增强材料（FRP）布对混凝土的被动式约束，对轴压下FRP布约束混凝土圆柱试件的受力行为进行分析，研究FRP布与混凝土的相互作用以及纤维含量对约束混凝土极限强度和极限应变的影响。结果表明：非线性有限元分析结果与实验结果吻合良好，非线性有限元分析可较好预测FRP布约束混凝土柱的轴心受压性能；随着FRP布层数的增加，FRP布约束混凝土的极限强度和极限应变提高，FRP布对混凝土的约束作用明显增强；FRP布对混凝土约束力主要在混凝土屈服后发挥。根据实验和有限元分析结果，得到约束混凝土极限强度和极限应变与纤维约束特征值的关系。