发动机振动主动控制联合仿真及神经网络自适应控制技术的研究

应用AMESim软件建立了发动机-车身振动模型。依据神经网络控制器、辨识器的设计,建立了神经网络自适应控制系统。通过联合仿真试验,验证了所建立的神经网络自适应控制系统的振动控制效果优于LQR及模糊控制。通过计算可控可观矩阵,验证了该控制系统既可控又可观。     

出租汽车驾驶员振动剂量监测与评价

通过对ISO2631、GB4970等振动舒适性评价标准的研究,建立手动变速器出租汽车驾驶员振动舒适性评价方法。通过实车振动监测和测量驾驶员生理指标,找到了重庆市出租汽车驾驶员在实际行驶工况下达到疲劳的时间;并对他们进行有关疲劳的主观问卷调查,调查统计与试验的结果相吻合,由此得到出租汽车驾驶员达到疲劳时的“振动剂量极限值”。     

铁道车辆振动控制技术--有源与半有源悬挂分析

分析利用有源悬挂和半有源悬挂方法对铁道车辆振动控制的原理和技术。对日本最新型700系列高速列车上采用的可变阻尼减振器进行研究分析,认为其基本原理是通过高速电磁阀切换阻尼孔(节流孔),从而改变减振器的阻尼力达到控制振动的目的。指出在隧道内,车体的横向振动加速度可减少30%左右。介绍日本新开发的可以自动调整动力学性能的减震器的进展情况。给出横向用可变阻尼减振器和垂向用可变阻尼减振器内藏型空气弹簧的结构和特点。     

磁流变液减振控制应用的研究动态

磁流变流体与电流变流体相比工程应用特性优异,在振动半主动控制中的作用倍受关注。根据减振控制设备中磁流液不同的流动模式、电极的布置及运动方式从功能原理的角度将其归类;从参数与非参数的角度分析研究比较了现有模型的特点;并就国内外工程应用现状说明磁流变液的振动控制领域的广阔应用前景,最后总结出应继续深入的理论及工程应用研究方向。     

Guidance for new policy developments on railway noise and vibration

Noise and vibration are two of the main problems associated with railways in residential areas. To ensure quality of life and well-being of inhabitants living in the vicinity of railway paths, it is important to evaluate, understand, control and regulate railway noise and vibration. Much attention has been focused on the impact of noise from railway traffic but the consideration of railway-induced vibration has often been neglected. This paper aims to provide policy guidance based on results obtained from the analyses of relationships estimated from ordinal logit models between human response, railway noise exposure and railway vibration exposure. This was achieved using data from case studies comprised of face-to-face interviews (N = 931), internal vibration measurements (N = 755), and noise calculations (N = 688) collected within the study “Human Response to Vibration in Residential Environments” by the University of Salford, UK. Firstly, the implications of neglecting vibration in railway noise policies are investigated. The findings suggest that it is important to account for railway induced vibrations in future noise and transport policies, as neglecting vibrations results in an underestimation of people highly annoyed by noise. Secondly, implications of neglecting different types of railway sources are presented. It was found that the impact of noise and vibration form maintenance operations should be better understood and should be taken into account when assessing the environmental impact of railways in residential environments. Finally, factors that were found to influence railway vibration annoyance are presented and expressed as weightings. The data shows that factors specific to a particular residential area should also be taken into account in future vibration policies as the literature shows that attitudinal, socio-demographic and situational factors have a large influence on vibration annoyance responses. This work will be of interest to researchers and environmental health practitioners involved in the assessment of vibration complaints, as well as to policy makers, planners and consultants involved in the design of buildings and railways.     

海底多段悬跨管道涡激振动特性分析

深海海底多跨管道相比于单跨,其涡激振动行为却更为复杂。文章考虑了两端跨肩和中间支撑处的管—土作用边界条件,提出了多跨管道涡激振动预报模型,标定了模型参数,并重点分析了跨肩边界条件、中间支撑条件和悬跨长度对管道涡激振动特性的影响。结果表明:较大的两端边界处扭转弹簧弹性系数、较大的中间支撑处扭转和拉伸弹簧弹性系数和较短的悬跨长度,会限制管道结构高阶模态的激发,同时还发现了振动能量会在相邻管跨之间传递的现象。     

柴油机周期双层隔振系统振动特性

舰船对动力设备的隔振性能要求越来越高,基于柴油机双层隔振系统,利用周期结构对弹性波的带隙特性,将双层隔振系统的筏体设计成周期结构。在ANSYS中对双层隔振系统进行谐响应计算,通过对比分析,斜方柱周期筏体在200-1000Hz内具有更好的隔振效果,在410.5 Hz、807 Hz处出现带宽分别为15Hz、29.5Hz带隙。采用缩减周期数的斜方柱周期筏体建立双层隔振实验系统,验证了斜方柱周期结构的带隙特性。     

汽轮发电机组半频振动的原因分析和处理

为解决汽轮发电机组出现的半频振动问题,针对汽轮机轴承开展不同轴承结构参数及形式的理论计算和试验验证,发现轴承并不是引发半频振动的直接因素。通过进一步开展试验,发现引发机组半频振动的主要原因是主油泵前后的浮动油封浮动不畅对汽轮机转子产生了附加力。经过综合分析可知,通过增加油封环室刚性和减少浮动油封摩擦力,能消除半频振动现象,保证机组的可靠运行。     

柱壳隔振系统动力学特性的研究

对柱壳隔振系统动力学特性进行的研究，以往常建立在刚体模型的基础上，这是导致振动预报与实测间存在较大误差的主要原因。从基于有限元分析的弹性体模型出发，本文对涉及柱壳隔振系统动力学特性的结构与材料方案进行了模拟激励下的响应分析与灵敏度分析，讨论了其中的各种影响因素。通过实物模型试验，验证了已建立的动力学模型，探讨了有关柱壳隔振系统设计的中的一些重要方面。     

全封闭型护卫舰空调通风系统及其隔振降噪设计

论述了全封闭型舰艇空调通风系统通常的主要特点及适宜采用的相应设计，概述了空调通风系统减振噪的研究设计和综合治理，并以某舰为例列述了各项设计的实船效果。