中国古代有无科学的争论及其意义--兼评《西方科学的起源》

关于中国古代有没有科学的争论 ,近年国内不少著名学者都曾卷入。迄今为止 ,双方当然未能取得一致意见 ,很可能永远也不会取得一致意见。然而这场争论有着明显的现实意义。而《西方科学的起源》(The Beginnings of Western Science)一书中译本在 2 0 0 1年的出版 ,则对于澄清争论中的某些概念大有帮助 ,值得论战双方都仔细一读     

蒙华铁路货车段修能力探讨

阐述客货分线后铁路货运能力增强、货车保有量增长的特征,以及铁路货物高效率高质量的运输需求,必然会对货车段修能力提出新的要求。采用调研货车保有量、货车段修台位方法,结合货车保有量预测,分析全路及蒙西至华中煤运通道铁路(简称"蒙华铁路")沿线区域内货车保有量增长与货车段修能力的矛盾,提出新建(或扩建)车辆段、加强检修工艺装备、优化组织管理、修程修制改革等货车段修能力增强措施,提出蒙华铁路货车车辆段(检修车间)设施布局方案,分析沿线区域货车段修能力增强措施。     

CD147蛋白在人宫颈癌中的表达

目的 探讨CD147在宫颈癌中的表达及其意义.方法 应用蛋白印迹及免疫组织化学方法检测CD147在宫颈癌和正常宫颈组织中的表达.结果 CD147蛋白在所有的宫颈癌(41/41,100.0%)和绝大多数正常宫颈组织(11/12,91.7%) 都表达.宫颈组织中存在着不同分子量的CD147分子.CD147在宫颈癌中的细胞阳性率及表达量都要显著高于正常组织(P<0.05).结论 CD147是细胞增殖的一个标记分子;CD147 蛋白在宫颈癌中高表达,是宫颈癌治疗的一个潜在靶点.     

西方的汉学研究与中国人文学术的国际化

在当前的全球化语境下,对海外汉学的研究再度成为一个热门话题。虽然汉学在西方学界长期处于边缘地位,但由于其研究方法的独特和理论视角的新颖,汉学研究一直颇受国内学界青睐。本文作者认为,我们一方面要认识到汉学深受西方学界风行已久的东方主义的影响,存在着对古代中国的种种幻象和对现代中国的误解甚至歪曲,但另一方面又应该承认,西方的汉学界并不乏具有真才实学的大家,他们的重要研究成果对国内学界也有着启示。再者,与东方主义所不同的是,汉学中也存在着"去政治性"和"去意识形态性"的倾向,它和国内学者的国学研究应该形成一种对话和互补的关系,特别是当我们在把中国文化的成果推向世界的过程中,我们就更离不开与汉学家的通力合作。     

船基气象定线水文气象资料的接收与自动读取

本文简要介绍了短波气象定频接收机与ＰＣ机之间的接口卡电路，将此卡插入ＰＣ机扩展槽后，与气象传真接收机相连即可将气象传真图直接收入ＰＣ机中保存，然后提出了一系列气象传真图图象处理技术、主要是针对自动提取高空５００ｈｐａ等压面上的纬向数据，计算５００ｈｐａ西风环流指数。     

The possible designation of the Mediterranean Sea as a SECA: A case study

In view of the ongoing discussions concerning the possible designation of the Mediterranean Sea as a Sulphur Emission Control Area (SECA), a modal split model was applied to a case involving the transportation of consolidated cargoes between Thessaloniki, Greece and industrial hubs of northern Germany. A road-only option was assessed against a combined-transport route involving a ferry (Greece–Italy) and a truck-on-train (Italy–Austria) service. The logit model used considers two variables as determinants of the modal selection: transport cost and time. The data are derived from interviews with a small transport service provider, typical for Greece, and are based on actual trips made (revealed preferences). The results predict that the designation of the Mediterranean as a SECA will cause a modal shift in favour of the road-only route by 5.2%, which under certain assumptions can reach 17.1%. However, the environmental implications of the resulting modal choices, calculated through the EcoTransIT World web based tool, are positive in relation to all emissions examined. This is attributed to the longer distance of the combined-transport option in comparison to the road-only one and, the poor environmental performance of the Ro-Pax vessels basically due to the need to maintain a relatively high speed.     

重庆山区绕城高速公路立交规划与思考

文章以重庆绕城高速公路立交规划布局为研究基础，对城市外环高速公路立交的布局、等级、技术条件、类型和方案进行了较深入的探讨，并结合工程实践，提出了关于城市外环立交规划布局的几个关键问题的意见和建议。     

Evidence of episodic changes in deep-sea mesozooplankton abundance and composition in the Levantine Sea (Eastern Mediterranean)

Mesozooplankton samples from the 4270-m deep Ierapetra Basin in the oligotrophic Levantine Sea have revealed a strong temporal variability in abundance and composition hitherto unknown for the deep sea pelagic zone. The phenomenon reflected by a survey in June 1993 as compared to January 1987 is assessed by (i) the increase of the mesozooplankton standing crop throughout the water column, (ii) the absence of a decline in mesozooplankton abundance with increasing depth below 1000 m, (iii) the outstanding dominance of two interzonal calanoid copepods at bathypelagic and abyssopelagic depths and (iv) a substantial faunal change due to the codominance of Calanus helgolandicus, which was found for the first time in the area. The underlying hydrographical factors are addressed in the light of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT). Apart from a possible long-term faunal change, the EMT may exaggerate episodic plankton blooms and surface-abyssopelagic coupling in space and time.     

Variability of the western Galician upwelling system (NW Spain) during an intensively sampled annual cycle. An EOF analysis approach

The key features of the western Galician shelf hydrography and dynamics are analyzed on a solid statistical and experimental basis. The results allowed us to gather together information dispersed in previous oceanographic works of the region. Empirical orthogonal functions analysis and a canonical correlation analysis were applied to a high-resolution dataset collected from 47 surveys done on a weekly frequency from May 2001 to May 2002. The main results of these analyses are summarized bellow. Salinity, temperature and the meridional component of the residual current are correlated with the relevant local forcings (the meridional coastal wind component and the continental run-off) and with a remote forcing (the meridional temperature gradient at latitude 37°N). About 80% of the salinity and temperature total variability over the shelf, and 37% of the residual meridional current total variability are explained by two EOFs for each variable. Up to 22% of the temperature total variability and 14% of the residual meridional current total variability is devoted to the set up of cross-shore gradients of the thermohaline properties caused by the wind-induced Ekman transport. Up to 11% and 10%, respectively, is related to the variability of the meridional temperature gradient at the Western Iberian Winter Front. About 30% of the temperature total variability can be explained by the development and erosion of the seasonal thermocline and by the seasonal variability of the thermohaline properties of the central waters. This thermocline presented unexpected low salinity values due to the trapping during spring and summer of the high continental inputs from the River Miño recorded in 2001. The low salinity plumes can be traced on the Galician shelf during almost all the annual cycle; they tend to be extended throughout the entire water column under downwelling conditions and concentrate in the surface layer when upwelling favourable winds blow. Our evidences point to the meridional temperature gradient acting as an important controlling factor of the central waters thermohaline properties and in the development and decay of the Iberian Poleward Current.     

Seasonal and short spatial patterns in European hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) recruitment process at the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean): The role of environment on distribution and condition

This study evaluates the link between the recruitment process of European hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) of the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean) and the environmental and physiological conditions. Spatio-temporal variation of abundance and condition of fish were evaluated at two locations each with different oceanographic conditions, one in the north (Sóller, SO) and another in the south (Cabrera, CA) of Mallorca Island. Environmental variables explored were hydrography, sediment characteristics, phytoplankton pigment concentration (ppc) and the trophic resources of hake. Individuals were divided in three life stages: recruits, post-recruits and young adults. Hepatosomatic index (HSI), relative condition index (K_n), gonadosomatic index (GSI) and fullness index (FI) were analysed for the three life stages. Recruitment starts in February with the incorporation of smaller hakes, and it can be followed through spring and early summer with a peak in April. However, some spatial heterogeneity in the recruitment process has been found between north and south of the Island. The main pulse of recruitment occurred at a different time in the two areas. Spatial heterogeneity was also consistent with the condition of hake recruits, with higher values of K_n and HSI at SO than at CA. Maximum values of K_n were found in February at SO and in April at CA, coinciding with the start of the different recruitment pulses to the fishing grounds. Post-recruits and young adults also showed higher condition at SO than at CA. The arrival in spring of the Western Winter Intermediate Waters (WIW) drives the spatial-temporal variation in abundance and condition of hake. Ppc was highly correlated with recruit abundance with a time lag of two months, while for post-recruits the time lag was three months. The observed differences in the condition of hake between areas could be a consequence of the fact that the waters to the north of Mallorca are comparatively more under the seasonal influence of WIW which is formed in more productive areas. Thus, this study characterises the short temporal and spatial variability in the hake recruitment process off the Balearic Islands, both in terms of abundance and fish condition. This pattern is explained on the basis of the mesoscale environmental variability observed between north and south of Mallorca and the ecological adaptive strategy of recruiting in the optimal environmental season.