主瓣干扰下平面阵自适应波束优化方法

在自适应波束形成中,若干扰信号从主瓣进入,往往引起副瓣增高、主瓣变形且峰值偏移,波束性能明显恶化。针对平面阵,通过构造干扰阻塞矩阵,首先对主瓣内的干扰进行相消预处理,再进行自适应波束形成,最后进行权系数补偿,消除主波束偏移。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效消除主瓣干扰和解决波束畸变问题,提高自适应波束的性能。     

Nonlinear Modeling and Neuro-Fuzzy Control of PEMFC

The proton exchange membrane generation technology is highly efficient, and clean and is considered as the most hopeful “green” power technology. The operating principles of proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC） system involve thermodynamics, electrochemistry, hydrodynamics and mass transfer theory, which comprise a complex nonlinear system, for which it is difficult to establish a mathematical model and control online. This paper analyzed the characters of the PEMFC; and used the approach and self-study ability of artificial neural networks to build the model of nonlinear system, and adopted the adaptive neural-networks fuzzy infer system to build the temperature model of PEMFC which is used as the reference model of the control system, and adjusted the model parameters to control online. The model and control were implemented in SIMULINK environment. The results of simulation show the test data and model have a good agreement. The model is useful for the optimal and real time control of PEMFC system.     

Modeling and simulation of vehicle projection arrival–discharge process in adaptive traffic signal controls

Real‐time signal control operates as a function of the vehicular arrival and discharge process to satisfy a pre‐specified operational performance. This process is often predicted based on loop detectors placed upstream of the signal. In our newly developed signal control for diamond interchanges, a microscopic model is proposed to estimate traffic flows at the stop‐line. The model considers the traffic dynamics of vehicular detection, arrivals, and departures, by taking into account varying speeds, length of queues, and signal control. As the signal control is optimized over a rolling horizon that is divided into intervals, the vehicular detection for and projection into the corresponding horizon intervals are also modeled. The signal control algorithm is based on dynamic programming and the optimization of signal policy is performed using a certain performance measure involving delays, queue lengths, and queue storage ratios. The arrival–discharge model is embedded in the optimization algorithm and both are programmed into AIMSUN, a microscopic stochastic simulation program. AIMSUN is then used to simulate the traffic flow and implement the optimal signal control by accessing internal data including detected traffic demand and vehicle speeds. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the effect of selecting different optimization criteria on the signal control performance. It is concluded that the queue length and queue storage ratio are the most appropriate performance measures in real‐time signal control of interchanges. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

行人腿型冲击器肌肉材料参数反求

aPLI先进行人腿型冲击器在碰撞测试中的生物仿真度,在很大程度上取决于其几何结构及其模拟腿部肌肉的合 成橡胶的超弹性力学特性。根据橡胶准静态单轴压缩试验数据,分别对用于表述橡胶超弹性的Ogden和Mooney-Rivlin本 构模型进行材料参数拟合,得到相应的材料参数并将拟合曲线与试验曲线进行比较,对比不同本构模型的拟合精度。结 果表明,2阶 Ogden材料模型更符合试验结果。为提高有限元模型中肌肉橡胶材料参数的准确性,重构压缩试验有限元 模型,以拟合得到的2阶Ogden本构模型材料参数为初始值,通过将有限元与优化策略相结合,基于自适应响应面法对2 阶Ogden模型中μ1、α1、μ2、α2这4个材料参数进行优化,获得该材料在准静态压缩状态下的一组最佳材料参数。     

自适应均衡学习的端到端类人驾驶控制决策网络

针对现有端到端自动驾驶网络对于类人驾驶行为与思维特征模拟不足的问题，从类人驾驶特征出发，设计了一个包含时空特征、历史状态特征及未来特征的端到端类人驾驶控制决策网络。采用多层卷积和长短期卷积时序记忆网络（Conv-LSTM），对前方道路视觉感知图像时间序列进行时空特征提取，同时采用一维卷积和长短期时序记忆网络（Long Short-Term Memory，LSTM） 对车辆状态信息时间序列进行历史状态特征提取，进而采用多任务参数共享方式进行当前时刻和未来序列的方向盘转角、车速的控制决策，并以未来序列作为辅助任务督促当前时刻的主任务学习。为更好地耦合汽车纵横向控制参数学习的过程，还提出一种权衡纵横向控制参数损失量级及学习速度的权重自适应方法，并引入容差阈值，建立衡量纵横向控制参数训练效果的评价方法。依托Comma2k19数据集对所构建控制决策网络进行训练和验证，体现出良好的可行性及优越性。     

基于预测恒定车头时距策略的自适应巡航控制研究

为了进一步提高车辆跟车过程中的跟踪性、安全性、舒适性和燃油经济性，针对已有间距策略表现过于保守或反应过于激烈等不足之处，提出了一种预测恒定车头时距策略。该策略考虑了相对加速度，建立了一种预测型期望车间距模型，进而应用于模型预测控制的多目标自适应巡航控制系统中，能进一步提高模型预测控制对多个控制目标的综合协调能力。搭建上层控制器、下层PID控制器、油门制动切换、逆纵向动力学模型。在多工况下仿真，通过建立性能评判指标对多目标进行量化分析。结果表明，所提出的间距策略在保证安全性的前提下，提升了自适应巡航控制系统的综合性能。在不同驾驶风格的车头时距下，跟踪性、舒适性和燃油经济性均有良好表现。     

Robust adaptive course-keeping control of under-actuated ships with the rudder failure北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对舵机故障、控制增益未知和海洋环境干扰情况下的欠驱动船舶航向保持问题,设计一种考虑舵机故障的船舶鲁棒自适应航向保持控制算法。[方法]通过结合鲁棒神经阻尼技术和自适应方法,对繁重的神经网络权值进行横向压缩,仅需设计2个自适应学习参数对未知增益和舵机故障参数在线补偿,以确保船舶在舵机故障的情况下能够有效执行航向保持任务。通过李雅普诺夫理论,证明所提出的控制器半全局最终一致稳定有界(semi-global uniform and ultimately bounded,SGUUB)。最后以“育鲲”轮为仿真对象,建立非线性Nomoto数学模型,在海洋干扰下进行对比仿真试验验证。[结果]结果表明,在此策略下,“育鲲”轮在舵机故障情况下平均舵角输出比仿真试验中所对比的传统方法降低了51%,可改善航向保持控制效果。[结论]研究结果可为欠驱动船舶的航向保持控制问题提供借鉴。     

堤防结构“自适应”混凝土衬砌数值模拟

针对堤防混凝土衬砌在外部荷载(水压力、浪压力以及其他荷载)发生破坏且其破坏位置主要发生在衬砌底部1/3处的问题,进行了对比分析研究,提出一种"自适应"的混凝土衬砌方式。采用有限元软件ADINA模拟在衬砌受力最大部位设置填充缝及填充柔性材料等方式削减应力,从而达到衬砌自身适应外部荷载变形的作用。结果表明:"自适应"衬砌方式不仅可以有效减小堤防的应力、应变,而且是一种实用简单可行的方法。