基于改进粒子群优化算法的多目标自适应巡航控制

跟驰过程中,在保证安全性的前提下为了提升自适应巡航控制(ACC)系统的舒适性和燃油经济性,研究了多目标自适应巡航控制算法。在建立车间纵向运动学模型的基础上,根据模型预测控制理论,设计综合考虑安全性、舒适性、燃油经济性以及车辆自身限制等因素的目标函数和约束条件,并引入松弛因子向量软化硬约束边界解决无可行解问题。进一步在滚动优化环节中,引入具有求解多约束问题能力的改进粒子群优化算法进行求解。通过数值仿真对比分析,结果表明,基于改进粒子群优化算法的多目标自适应巡航控制算法能有效提高燃油经济性和行车舒适性。结合CarSim搭建模型进行联合仿真,验证算法有效。     

基于生态驾驶的自动驾驶汽车交叉路口控制策略研究

为了进一步提高自动驾驶汽车在交叉路口行驶时的燃油经济性,基于模型预测控制（MPC）理论,量化分析了车辆安全性、经济性、舒适性等多性能指标函数及约束,并设计了以经济性为主的交叉路口自动驾驶汽车生态驾驶控制器。仿真结果表明,所提出的控制策略能够保证良好的安全性和舒适性,与LQR控制器相比,在有前车影响和无前车影响工况下的百公里油耗分别降低15.83%和34.98%。     

面向混合自动驾驶车流的协同自适应巡航控制EI北大核心CSCD

车联网V2V环境下能实时获取自车和周围车辆的运动状态、驾驶工况和道路环境,为汽车自适应巡航控制系统提供更准确的信息。为消除自动驾驶汽车(AV)和人工驾驶汽车(MV)混合行驶工况下的车头时距干扰对汽车纵向巡航控制的影响,提出了一种基于车联网V2V的协同自适应控制方法。通过车联网V2V实时采集车辆跟驰过程中车辆基本安全信息(basic safety message,BSM),进而获得车辆相对运动状态和驾驶行为序列;应用线性最优二次型方法建立驾驶操纵序贯链优化目标函数,再对扰动作用下的汽车运动状态改变量进行短时预测;在此基础上,以混合车流车头时距的最优均衡状态为目标,构建了车辆跟驰间距的滚动优化模型和协同自适应控制方法。实验结果表明,在头车加/减速行驶工况下,改进后的车辆控制器能更快响应前车运动状态的变化量,并在保证车辆安全跟驰间距的情况下,降低了车头时距,提高了道路通行能力。     

基于多模式切换的智能汽车自适应巡航控制研究

针对前车运动状态和驾驶意图的不可预知性导致传统自适应巡航控制(ACC)系统应用受限的问题,设计了一种多模式切换的自适应巡航控制方法。根据自车与前车的运动学关系划分行驶模式,采用紧急系数表征各行驶模式下的危险程度;设计模糊控制器调节模型预测控制(MPC)中目标函数的权重值,以满足不同工况下跟车性和舒适性的需求差异,实现不同控制模式间的切换。仿真结果表明,多模式切换控制方法有效提高了车辆跟车性和舒适性,在各种工况下取得了优良的控制效果。     

Adaptive Cruise Control System of Electric Vehicles Considering Both Economy and Safety

提出一种兼顾节能与安全的电动车自适应巡航控制算法.定量分析加速度对电动车经济性的影响,构建燃油经济性与跟车安全性的性能指标,采用模型预测控制方法协同优化系统性能指标,仿真与试验的结果表明,所提出的算法能兼顾整车经济性与安全性.     

四轮独立驱动电动车自适应巡航滑模控制

为实现四轮独立驱动电动汽车的自适应巡航功能,采用基于趋近律的滑模控制理论设计了自适应巡航控制系统。上位控制器以实际车距与期望车距的偏差作为输入,采用滑模控制律获得主车期望加速度,然后将期望加速度作为下位控制器的输入,计算出电机期望转矩,用于实现自适应巡航控制。在CarSim中建立电动汽车整车模型,并与Simulink进行联合仿真。仿真结果表明,在前车匀速、加速、减速等直线行驶工况以及曲率较大的弯道行驶工况下,提出的自适应巡航控制方法均能够使主车具有良好的跟踪能力。     

兼顾节能与安全的电动车ACC系统

提出一种兼顾节能与安全的电动车自适应巡航控制算法。定量分析加速度对电动车经济性的影响,构建燃油经济性与跟车安全性的性能指标,采用模型预测控制方法协同优化系统性能指标,仿真与试验的结果表明,所提出的算法能兼顾整车经济性与安全性。     

基于模拟驾驶员多目标决策的汽车自适应巡航控制算法

汽车自适应巡航控制系统根据本车与前车之间的相对距离和相对速度,综合考虑车间行驶安全性、本车纵向动力学特性和驾乘人员的舒适性等多个相互关联且存在一定矛盾的性能指标,实现本车与前车安全车间距的保持控制。针对这一多目标协调控制问题,本文在动态输出反馈控制框架下,模拟真实驾驶员对车间距控制的行为特性,利用汽车行驶状态和控制变量建立了安全性、轻便性、舒适性和工效性指标,进而基于不变集和二次有界性理论提出了以上多性能指标的动态协调控制机制,建立了一套自适应巡航控制系统的车间距控制算法。最终通过跟随、驶离和切入3种典型工况的仿真,验证了算法对安全车间距保持和协调多性能指标的可行性和有效性。     

考虑驾驶员操作误差的混合动力汽车队列生态驾驶控制

鉴于现有生态驾驶控制的研究多基于完全智能网联环境,不适用于传统人类驾驶汽车和网联汽车混行的交通场景,本文中以包含人类驾驶汽车和网联汽车的混合动力汽车队列为研究对象,提出一种考虑驾驶员操作误差的分层生态驾驶控制方法。基于随机模型预测控制算法设计上层控制器以实现车队机动性、燃油经济性和舒适性多目标优化,采用自适应等效燃油消耗最小化策略设计下层控制器以优化车辆发动机与电池的功率分配。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法可有效降低驾驶员操作误差导致的车队中混合动力汽车速度轨迹的偏移量,车辆平均油耗降低2.82%。     

基于模型预测控制的混联式混合动力车辆能量管理策略

针对混联式混合动力车辆实时最优控制的要求,研究制定了基于模型预测控制的能量管理策略。该策略采用2层控制器,上层控制器基于模型预测控制计算出发动机最优转速转矩,下层控制器基于规则控制分配功率需求于各部件,以保持SOC(State of Charge,荷电状态)和提高燃油经济性为目标,对发动机和电池之间功率分配进行实时在线能量管理。仿真结果表明,基于模型预测控制的能量管理策略控制效果良好,相比规则控制显著提高了燃油经济性。     

Real-time weighted multi-objective model predictive controller for adaptive cruise control systems

In this paper, a novel spacing control law is developed for vehicles with adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems to perform spacing control mode. Rather than establishing a steady-state following distance behind a newly encountered vehicle to avoid collision, the proposed spacing control law based on model predictive control (MPC) further considers fuel economy and ride comfort. Firstly, a hierarchical control architecture is utilized in which a lower controller compensates for nonlinear longitudinal vehicle dynamics and enables to track the desired acceleration. The upper controller based on the proposed spacing control law is designed to compute the desired acceleration to maintain the control objectives. Moreover, the control objectives are then formulated into the model predictive control problem using acceleration and jerk limits as constrains. Furthermore, due to the complex driving conditions during in the transitional state, the traditional model predictive control algorithm with constant weight matrix cannot meet the requirement of improvement in the fuel economy and ride comfort. Therefore, a real-time weight tuning strategy is proposed to solve time-varying multi-objective control problems, where the weight of each objective can be adjusted with respect to different operating conditions. In addition, simulation results demonstrate that the ACC system with the proposed real-time weighted MPC (RW-MPC) can provide better performance than that using constant weight MPC (CW-MPC) in terms of fuel economy and ride comfort.     

纯电动商用车异质队列的多目标控制

队列行驶的研究能有效解决商用车货运安全、能耗浪费和环境污染等问题,但现有研究多基于单一跟车目标控制的匀质队列,这在货运场景中无法达到很好的控制效果。本文中构造了纯电动异质商用车队列,为其设计了分布式非线性模型预测控制器。根据道路环境信息和车辆跟车、安全、舒适和节能等特性,分别建立了领航车和跟随车的控制器模型,实现异质队列的多目标控制。为验证所提出控制方法的有效性,由5辆动力学特性相异的商用车组成队列,并搭建了控制仿真平台进行Trucksim/Simulink联合仿真。结果表明,本文中提出的控制算法能有效实现异质商用车队列的多目标控制,与PID定速巡航控制相比,能耗可降低5.3%以上。     

汽车ACC跟随控制策略研究

提出了ACC车辆与前车之间的速度一位移关系以及分别以车距控制和相对车速控制为目标的2种LQR模型，并根据两车的速度一位移关系的不同实现2种模型之间的转换，以生成符合驾驶员操作行为的ACC车辆控制目标，建立了实现控制目标的车速控制模型。仿真计算表明控制策略满足乘坐舒适性和保持安全车距的要求。     

Active control strategy for the running attitude of high-speed train under strong crosswind condition

This paper focuses on the safety of high-speed trains under strong crosswind conditions. A new active control strategy is proposed based on the adaptive predictive control theory. The new control strategy aims at adjusting the attitudes of a train by controlling the new-type intelligent giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA). It combined adaptive control with dynamic matrix control; parameters of predictive controller was real-time adjusted by online distinguishing to enhance the robustness of the control algorithm. On this basis, a correction control algorithm is also designed to regulate the parameters of predictive controller based on the step response of a controlled objective. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can adjust the running attitudes of high-speed trains under strong crosswind conditions; they also indicate that the new active control strategy is effective and applicable in improving the safety performance of a train based on a host–target computer technology provided by Matlab/Simulink.     

基于驾驶员行为模拟的ACC控制算法

基于驾驶员最优预瞄加速度模型建立了一种适用于多种典型行驶工况的ACC控制算法。该算法采用基于多目标模糊决策方法的驾驶安全性、工效性、轻便性与合法性评价指标以及基于预瞄跟随理论的微分校正函数，描述了ACC控制系统对自由工况、跟随工况和切入工况等不同行驶条件及汽车动力学系统强非线性特性的考虑。     

无级变速传动系统综合控制仿真与试验

基于无级变速传动系统动力学仿真模型与自适应模糊控制策略,综合考虑后备功率、动力传动系损失和CVT速比变化响应滞后的影响,提出了τ算法、发动机转矩补偿和发动机转速补偿3种控制方法,并分别对采用这3种控制方法时的动力性与燃油经济性进行仿真分析.结果表明,相对于常规控制,采用这3种综合控制方法后动力性基本保持不变,而经济性则分别提高了约2.9%-3.5%.     

A vehicle stability control strategy with adaptive neural network sliding mode theory based on system uncertainty approximation

Modelling uncertainty, parameter variation and unknown external disturbance are the major concerns in the development of an advanced controller for vehicle stability at the limits of handling. Sliding mode control (SMC) method has proved to be robust against parameter variation and unknown external disturbance with satisfactory tracking performance. But modelling uncertainty, such as errors caused in model simplification, is inevitable in model-based controller design, resulting in lowered control quality. The adaptive radial basis function network (ARBFN) can effectively improve the control performance against large system uncertainty by learning to approximate arbitrary nonlinear functions and ensure the global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. In this paper, a novel vehicle dynamics stability control strategy is proposed using the adaptive radial basis function network sliding mode control (ARBFN-SMC) to learn system uncertainty and eliminate its adverse effects. This strategy adopts a hierarchical control structure which consists of reference model layer, yaw moment control layer, braking torque allocation layer and executive layer. Co-simulation using MATLAB/Simulink and AMESim is conducted on a verified 15-DOF nonlinear vehicle system model with the integrated-electro-hydraulic brake system (I-EHB) actuator in a Sine With Dwell manoeuvre. The simulation results show that ARBFN-SMC scheme exhibits superior stability and tracking performance in different running conditions compared with SMC scheme.     

Self-tuning control algorithm design for vehicle adaptive cruise control system through real-time estimation of vehicle parameters and road grade

The main purpose of this paper is to design a self-tuning control algorithm for an adaptive cruise control (ACC) system that can adapt its behaviour to variations of vehicle dynamics and uncertain road grade. To this aim, short-time linear quadratic form (STLQF) estimation technique is developed so as to track simultaneously the trend of the time-varying parameters of vehicle longitudinal dynamics with a small delay. These parameters are vehicle mass, road grade and aerodynamic drag-area coefficient. Next, the values of estimated parameters are used to tune the throttle and brake control inputs and to regulate the throttle/brake switching logic that governs the throttle and brake switching. The performance of the designed STLQF-based self-tuning control (STLQF-STC) algorithm for ACC system is compared with the conventional method based on fixed control structure regarding the speed/distance tracking control modes. Simulation results show that the proposed control algorithm improves the performance of throttle and brake controllers, providing more comfort while travelling, enhancing driving safety and giving a satisfactory performance in the presence of different payloads and road grade variations.