全国铁路地理信息系统应用服务共享平台的研究

应用服务共享平台为一个三层服务体系结构,主要提供五种服务：数据提供、数据分析、数据表现、元数据以及应用集成服务。平台功能的设计主要依据表示逻辑与处理逻辑相分离、通用功能与专用功能相分离两个基本原则。平台的核心是一个包括基础服务层和应用构件层的二层体系结构。平台的关键技术是多层服务体系结构、分布式海量空间数据存取、智能空间分析与数据挖掘技术以及基于XML的元数据技术。     

Towards a generic benchmarking platform for origin–destination flows estimation/updating algorithms: Design,demonstration and validation

Estimation/updating of Origin–Destination (OD) flows and other traffic state parameters is a classical, widely adopted procedure in transport engineering, both in off-line and in on-line contexts. Notwithstanding numerous approaches proposed in the literature, there is still room for considerable improvements, also leveraging the unprecedented opportunity offered by information and communication technologies and big data. A key issue relates to the unobservability of OD flows in real networks – except from closed highway systems – thus leading to inherent difficulties in measuring performance of OD flows estimation/updating methods and algorithms. Starting from these premises, the paper proposes a common evaluation and benchmarking framework, providing a synthetic test bed, which enables implementation and comparison of OD estimation/updating algorithms and methodologies under “standardized” conditions. The framework, implemented in a platform available to interested parties upon request, has been flexibly designed and allows comparing a variety of approaches under various settings and conditions. Specifically, the structure and the key features of the framework are presented, along with a detailed experimental design for the application of different dynamic OD flow estimation algorithms. By way of example, applications to both off-line/planning and on-line algorithms are presented, together with a demonstration of the extensibility of the presented framework to accommodate additional data sources.     

Real-time traffic state estimation in urban corridors from heterogeneous data

In recent years, rapid advances in information technology have led to various data collection systems which are enriching the sources of empirical data for use in transport systems. Currently, traffic data are collected through various sensors including loop detectors, probe vehicles, cell-phones, Bluetooth, video cameras, remote sensing and public transport smart cards. It has been argued that combining the complementary information from multiple sources will generally result in better accuracy, increased robustness and reduced ambiguity. Despite the fact that there have been substantial advances in data assimilation techniques to reconstruct and predict the traffic state from multiple data sources, such methods are generally data-driven and do not fully utilize the power of traffic models. Furthermore, the existing methods are still limited to freeway networks and are not yet applicable in the urban context due to the enhanced complexity of the flow behavior. The main traffic phenomena on urban links are generally caused by the boundary conditions at intersections, un-signalized or signalized, at which the switching of the traffic lights and the turning maneuvers of the road users lead to shock-wave phenomena that propagate upstream of the intersections. This paper develops a new model-based methodology to build up a real-time traffic prediction model for arterial corridors using data from multiple sources, particularly from loop detectors and partial observations from Bluetooth and GPS devices.     

Estimating travel time functions for urban roads: options and issues

Travel time functions specify the relationship between the travel time on a road and the volume of traffic on the road. Until recently, the parameters of travel time functions were rarely estimated in practice; however, a compelling case can be made for the empirical examination of these functions. This paper reviews, and qualitatively evaluates, a range of options for developing a set of travel time functions. A hierarchy of travel time functions is defined based on four levels of network detail: area, corridor, route and link. This hierarchy is illustrated by considering the development of travel time functions for Adelaide. Alternative sources of data for estimating travel time functions are identified.

In general, the costs and benefits increase as the travel time functions are estimated at finer levels of network detail. The costs of developing travel time functions include data acquisition costs and analysis costs. The benefits include the potential for reducing prediction errors, the degree of application flexibility and the policy sensitivity of the travel time functions.     

存轨基地地基加固及安全分析

京沪高速铁路某铺轨基地,地基承载力不足,且部分地方存在软弱土夹层,而钢轨的平顺性要求又较高。为了满足刚度和强度要求,采用CFG桩对该地基进行了地基处理。给出了CFG桩的地基处理方案,计算了复合地基承载力和各台座处的沉降值,对强度和刚度进行了验算,各方面均满足要求。可为同类工程提供参考。     

回填土区深层搅拌桩和高压旋喷桩复合地基的静承载性能

结合实际工程现场静载试验,采用有限元计算方法研究了桩长和桩土模量比对深层搅拌桩和高压旋喷桩复合地基在回填土中的桩体承载特性、荷载传递及复合地基变形特性的影响。结果表明,在回填土区,深层搅拌桩以桩体上部破坏为主,增加桩长不能有效地提高复合地基承载力,增加桩体强度尤其是上部桩体的强度则能够较大地提高复合地基承载力,高压旋喷桩可有效增强回填土地基的承载力。提出的桩体弹性模量取值范围可供设计参考。     

考虑相变过程岩体孔隙率对寒区隧道温度场时空规律影响研究

为研究寒区隧道围岩在持续低温作用或冻融循环作用过程中，考虑岩体相变过程中多相体各组分变化引起的岩石热学参数差异对围岩温度场时空变化规律的影响，利用已有岩体未冻水含量研究成果，进一步推导不同孔隙率下岩体的热学参数计算公式。基于多孔介质模型建立考虑相变过程的围岩温度场计算模型，分析考虑潜热时不同孔隙率下围岩冻结缘的空间形态变化规律，及相变过程对温度场的影响。研究结果表明： 1）饱和岩体孔隙率越高，对岩体整体热学参数影响越大； 2）低温持续作用围岩时，冻结缘向围岩深处移动并不断变宽，其宽度与其深度呈线性关系； 3）饱和围岩孔隙率对冻结缘移动速度影响较大，但对其宽度基本无影响； 4）由于相变潜热，岩体在冻融循环过程中围岩温度时程曲线出现不对称阶梯状形态，且其阶梯形状宽度与围岩孔隙率呈正相关； 5）冻融循环过程中，升温及降温过程中冻结缘临近岩体温度梯度存在差异引起的传热效率不同直接导致升温、降温时程曲线的不对称性特征出现； 6）沿硐室围岩径向向外，各处围岩体的温度时程函数与加载的温度函数存在着振幅衰减和相位滞后的现象，且岩体孔隙率越高该现象越明显。     

地下工程平衡稳定理论再研究

目前，地下工程结构在计算分析方面主要采用传统松弛荷载理论（类似荷载结构法）和数值分析法；在合理结构构造、施工工法等方面主要采用岩承理论（类似地层结构法），这些已有理论或方法隐含“变形协调控制”假定，实际应用中往往将这些假定忽视，因而需进一步发展新的理论方法以适应实际应用的需求。在大量工程实践和试验的基础上，揭示地下工程有效承载结构层与围岩荷载转移规律之间的关联性，建立地下工程平衡稳定理论，此理论既能反映传统“松弛荷载理论”和现代“岩承理论”的基本内容，又能拓宽平衡稳定性等内容，是地下工程平衡稳定性的新认识、新理念； 同时提出能量控制技术、预支护技术、受力独立性综合技术、变形协调控制技术4项关键技术。将这些技术合理地运用到实际工程施工中，将便于利用已有或新成果分类预防和控制地下工程质量和安全，为解决新型地下工程问题提供新的依据。     

全回转起重船主尺度模型研究

分析了国内全回转起重船的发展现状及发展趋势,对现有的船型数据资料进行整理分析,利用EXCEL回归分析、Matlab中BP神经网络工具与RBF神经网络工具分别建立了全回转起重船主尺度与最大起重量的关系模型,并对它们的回归分析误差进行了比较.该模型的建立有利于掌握全回转起重船主尺度要素随起重量的变化规律,对起重船方案设计以及后续的技术经济论证可起指导性作用,有助于该船型的报价设计和初步设计,并可使其总体设计得到优化.     

压弯荷载作用下圆截面混凝土桩的损伤分析

运用Lem aitre损伤规律对土木工程中使用的混凝土圆截面桩受压弯荷载下进行损伤分析,推导了无量纲轴向力和无量纲弯矩的表达式,计算了不同失效应变对应的弯矩规律,以及不同失效应变和中性轴的无量纲位移之间的关系。分析结果可作为估算实际工程中混凝土圆截面桩抗弯承载力的参考依据。