高铁大跨度混合梁斜拉桥钢-混结合段受力特性分析

为研究高速铁路大跨度混合梁斜拉桥钢-混结合段受力与传力特性,以主跨672 m的安九铁路鳊鱼洲长江大桥为背景,采用ANSYS软件建立主梁钢-混结合段有限元模型,分析其在最不利工况下的受力特点及变形特性,以及钢-混结合段长度对其受力性能的影响规律。结果表明:在最不利负弯矩工况作用下,边箱顶板与承压板焊接处存在应力集中及一定的局部拉应力;钢-混结合段混凝土在预应力作用下基本处于全截面受压状态;钢-混结合段内剪力钉和PBL剪力键受力并不均匀;钢-混结合段承压板直接向混凝土梁体传递约47.3%的轴力,是钢-混结合段传力的主要构件;钢-混结合段竖向位移及转角变化平缓,无明显的突变现象;钢-混结合段长度在1.50~3.50 m范围内时受力、传力差异并不显著。     

大跨度双线铁路混凝土桥极限跨径的研究

混凝土桥是我国大跨度铁路桥梁广泛应用的结构形式,但长期以来缺少对不同桥型跨越能力和适用范围的系统研究。大跨度混凝土桥的设计实践表明,支点截面混凝土的抗剪通常是控制其跨越能力的主要因素,以荷载作用下的剪应力达到混凝土容许剪应力为标准,分析得到了双线预应力混凝土连续梁(刚构)桥的理论极限跨径。在此基础上,通过分析主梁与加劲拱、拉索的荷载分配关系,进一步研究得到了连续梁(刚构)-拱桥、部分斜拉桥的理论极限跨径,分析结论与实际工程基本相符。同时在理论值基础上,结合设计经验给出工程实用极限跨径的建议值,对大跨度混凝土桥的桥式方案选择和投资控制具有一定价值。     

地铁1500V混合型制动能量吸收装置

地铁列车再生制动能量处理是地铁系统的一个重要课题。国内外多年来提出并实践了多种方案,但是没有一种方案的技术性能、节能减排效果、设备造价等各方面综合性能让用户普遍满意。本文介绍了电阻＋逆变混合型制动能量吸收装置。该装置以较先进的技术性能、较低的设备造价在保证列车正常制动的同时较好地实现节能减排效果,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

混合补偿治理电气化铁道谐波污染新方法

针对我国铁道电气化的谐波问题,提出了电气化铁道的谐波治理理论计算模型,构建了一种利用混合补偿进行牵引变电所谐波综合补偿的方案,在牵引变电所技改工程中采用无源滤波器与有源滤波器装置结合,组成混合补偿器,能保持较强的滤波能力。经过实践检验证实投资较少并且效果良好。     

基于混合补偿的同相牵引供电系统

为解决异相牵引供电方式存在的电能质量和电力机车过分相问题,将有源补偿和无源对称补偿技术相结合,提出基于平衡变压器接线方式的混合式同相牵引供电系统结构。文中给出混合式同相供电的统一补偿理论、无源补偿系统的无源元件参数计算方法、有源补偿的控制策略、无源和有源补偿的协调控制策略。最后,以采用YNvd接线方式的平衡变压器为例,采用MATLAB软件仿真验证该系统方案和控制策略的正确性。     

Performance Evaluation of Hybrid-Drive Buses and Potential Fuel Savings in Brazilian Urban Transit

Transporting more than 55 million passengers per day, buses are the main transit mode in Brazil. Most of these vehicles use diesel oil and this situation causes dependence on oil, extensive greenhouse gas emissions and increasing air pollution in urban areas. In order to improve this situation the options for Brazilian cities include the use of alternative fuels and new propulsion technologies, such as hybrid vehicles. This article proposes a procedure for evaluating the performance of a recently developed Brazilian hybrid-drive technology. A simple procedure is presented to compare hybrid-drive buses with conventional diesel buses in urban operation focusing on fuel economy and the potential for reducing diesel oil consumption through the use of hybrid-drive buses. Field tests carried out by the authors indicate that fuel consumption improvement through the use of hybrid-drive buses would certainly exceed 20%, resulting in lower fuel costs and reduced carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions.     

钢管-钢管混凝土复合拱桥实桥静载测试与分析

进行了第一座钢管 - 钢管混凝土复合拱试验桥--福建福鼎山前大桥实桥静载测试和有限元模拟分析,对钢管-钢管混凝土复合拱静力性能进行了讨论,研究表明,复合拱的静力性能与等截面拱相近,但拱肋变截面处应变应是设计中的控制因素,极限承载力分析应考虑双重非线性的影响.     

基于内燃动车组的混合动力匹配设计研究

针对内燃动力轨道交通在实际应用中存在的不足以及当前主要新能源技术发展现状,文章结合某内燃动车组的总体参数和配置情况,将内燃机组匹配蓄电池的混合动力方案与纯内燃机组方案进行对比分析,并对混合动力选型和配置进行了计算和分析。结果表明,混合动力匹配方案在降低整车能耗和节省燃油消耗等方面有着显著的优势。     

Full six degrees of freedom coupled dynamic simulation of ship collision and grounding accidents

By taking advantage of the user-defined load subroutine (loadud) and the user common subroutine (usercomm) in LS-DYNA, the authors proposed a new coupled approach for simultaneously calculating structural damage and the planar 3DOF ship motions in ship collisions. The coupled procedure aimed at predicting the detailed structural damage together with reasonable global ship motions. This paper extends the method to consider the full 6DOF ship motions; thus, ship collision as well as grounding accidents can be properly handled. This method is particularly useful for design purposes because the detailed ship hull profile is not needed.A traditional ship maneuvering model is used for the in-plane surge, sway and yaw degrees of freedom with a series of nondimensional coefficients determined from experiments. It is assumed that the out-of-plane degrees of freedom are not coupled with the in-plane ship motions, and there is no coupling among roll, pitch and heave motions. The implementation is verified through free decay tests, and the obtained natural periods show good agreement with theoretical results.Several collision and grounding cases are simulated in which a supply vessel crashes into rigid plates with different orientations. The effects of the roll motion, the heave and pitch motions and the full 6DOF motions are studied. The results are compared with those from a 6DOF decoupled method. Ship motions through the proposed method compare reasonably well with SIMO results. It is found that several consecutive impacts may occur in the simulation of one collision case due to the periodic motions. This is not taken into account in the decoupled method, which makes this method unconservative.     

Socially optimal electric driving range of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

This study determines the optimal electric driving range of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) that minimizes the daily cost borne by the society when using this technology. An optimization framework is developed and applied to datasets representing the US market. Results indicate that the optimal range is 16 miles with an average social cost of $3.19 per day when exclusively charging at home, compared to $3.27 per day of driving a conventional vehicle. The optimal range is found to be sensitive to the cost of battery packs and the price of gasoline. When workplace charging is available, the optimal electric driving range surprisingly increases from 16 to 22 miles, as larger batteries would allow drivers to better take advantage of the charging opportunities to achieve longer electrified travel distances, yielding social cost savings. If workplace charging is available, the optimal density is to deploy a workplace charger for every 3.66 vehicles. Moreover, the diversification of the battery size, i.e., introducing a pair and triple of electric driving ranges to the market, could further decrease the average societal cost per PHEV by 7.45% and 11.5% respectively.