船舶气幕减阻技术现状及研究展望

船舶减阻技术一直备受关注,气幕减阻技术是其一个重要发展方向。在综述了国内外气幕减阻技术现有研究的主要实验和理论成果的基础上,分析了存在的主要问题,特别是对军用舰船存在的次生暴露、尾流加重等严重问题。为此,有针对性地提出了研制特种自消隐气幕的新思想,并提供了可行的研究思路和实现方案。     

桩基绕流阻力特性研究现状与展望

对桩基绕流阻力特性的研究做了详细的回顾,并对研究成果进行了归纳与总结,且指出了研究的不足与空白之处以及以后广大科研工作者该努力的方向。     

列车空气动力性能与流线型头部外形

采用数值计算、动模型试验、风洞试验、实车试验和理论分析等方法,研究列车流线型头部长度、宽度、高度及耦合外形对列车交会压力波、空气阻力和升力的影响,得到一系列理论关系式。研究结果表明:①增加列车流线型头部长度,可以有效地改善列车空气动力性能,列车交会压力波随流线型头部长度增加而呈对数减小,头车阻力、升力绝对值均随流线型头部长度的增加呈线性减小,尾车阻力与流线型头部长度呈二次幂减小;②流线型头部纵向对称面最大控制型线从外凸到内凹,列车空气阻力、空气升力和交会压力波基本不变,减小鼻尖部位过渡曲线的曲率半径可以有效降低列车交会压力波;③流线型头部俯视最大控制型线为方形时产生的交会压力波最小,尖梭形的头车空气阻力和升力绝对值较小;④减小列车空气阻力和降低列车交会压力波,既矛盾又统一,列车气动头部外形设计需要综合考虑各种因素。     

Reduction of skin friction by microbubbles and its relation with near-wall bubble concentration in a channel

Determination of the flow structure near the wall is essential for a clear insight into the phenomenon of skin friction reduction by microbubbles in a turbulent boundary layer. An important parameter, is the bubble concentration or void fraction in the wall region in drag-reducing conditions. The purpose of this paper is to show drag-reducing effects due to microbubbles in a water channel and, more importantly, to show the dependence of the drag-reduction values on the near-wall void fraction. A two-dimensional channel with an aspect ratio of 10 was specially built for this purpose with provisions for air injection through porous plates. Skin friction was directly measured by a miniature floating element transducer with a 5-mm circular sensing disk mounted flush on the top wall 67 channel-heights downstream of the injector. The wall friction in the presence of air bubbles was found to be reduced under the same bulk velocity when compared with the value without air. Detailed void fraction profiles across the channel were obtained by a sampling probe and a fiber-optic probe. Better collapse of the drag reduction data, independent of different profile shapes, was found when plotted against the near-wall void fraction than against a cross-sectional mean void fraction. While this dependence reconfirms that the phenomena are essentially inner-region dependent, the lack of influence of the bubble distribution patterns away from the wall implies lack of outer region influence.     

重卡外气动性能评估与优化

利用数字仿真方法对某重卡的整车空气动力特性进行仿真分析。通过仿真分析,获得整车的风阻系数;并且根据对整车流场的压力云图分析,发现影响空气阻力系数的关键零件,并对导流罩进行了优化改进。优化后的分析表明改进效果是明显的,空气阻力系数得到了有效降低。     

船用丙纶缆绳的水阻力试验研究

在船模拖曳水池中进行了船用丙纶缆绳的水阻力试验。缆绳切向阻力系数由长、短两根裸绳直拖试验而获得,为0.036;法向阻力系数由缆绳悬挂重物吊拖试验得到为1.66。     

采用微气泡缩减高速船拖曳阻力(英文)

Ship hull form of the underwater area strongly influences the resistance of the ship.The major factor in ship resistance is skin friction resistance.Bulbous bows,polymer paint,water repellent paint(highly water-repellent wall),air injection,and specific roughness have been used by researchers as an attempt to obtain the resistance reduction and operation efficiency of ships.Micro-bubble injection is a promising technique for lowering frictional resistance.The injected air bubbles are supposed to somehow modify the energy inside the turbulent boundary layer and thereby lower the skin friction.The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of injected micro bubbles on a navy fast patrol boat(FPB) 57 m type model with the following main dimensions:L=2 450 mm,B=400 mm,and T=190 mm.The influence of the location of micro bubble injection and bubble velocity was also investigated.The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted.The ship model resistance was precisely measured by a load cell transducer.Comparison of ship resistance with and without micro-bubble injection was shown on a graph as a function of the drag coefficient and Froude number.It was shown that micro bubble injection behind the mid-ship is the best location to achieve the most effective drag reduction,and the drag reduction caused by the micro-bubbles can reach 6%-9%.     

New method for predicting full-scale power performance of pumpjet propulsion system based on statistical learning北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对“适配于螺旋桨的船尾线型+泵喷推进器”构成的船舶泵喷推进系统,提出一种基于统计学习的实船快速性预报新方法。[方法]以某大型水面船舶泵喷推进系统为对象,通过神经网络学习典型推进泵的推力系数图谱曲线,综合运用船-桨配合时的K_(T)-J曲线和船体-喷泵配合时的推力特性曲线,建立“仅需船舶阻力曲线就能实现船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报”的新方法,并基于船模阻力试验、泵喷模型敞水试验及船体-泵喷自航试验的测量换算结果对实船推进性能的预报结果开展精度校验。[结果]校验结果表明:在航速18~30 kn范围内,船舶泵喷推进系统的自航转速、推力和功率的预报误差可控制在5.4%以内,其中设计航速附近的误差甚至小于2%;船体-泵喷的相互作用程度介于船-桨与船体-喷泵之间且幅值相对较小,推力减额系数为趋向于0的极小值,故船舶泵喷推进系统是介于桨轴推进系统和喷水推进系统之间的产物。[结论]该预报方法有利于提升船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报的能力,可为新型舰艇泵类推进系统总体设计/研究提供参考。     

基于DE S的高速列车气动阻力分布特性研究

基于Realizable k-ε方程的DES数值模拟方法,研究某高速列车头、中和尾车不同区域对整车气动阻力系数的贡献值,并结合风洞试验结果,验证本文所采用的计算方法,计算与风洞试验结果两者偏差在2％以内;各车辆的瞬态气动阻力系数时程曲线在均方根值上下波动,其中头车的脉动幅度最小,尾车最大;头车、尾车的头部曲面区域及各个车辆转向架区域的气动阻力占整车气动阻力的77．8％;前端转向架区域气动阻力系数从头车、到中间车、到尾车大幅度减少,后端转向架区域气动阻力系数逐渐增加;从流场结构来看,列车的头部、风挡、车底结构以及车尾处产生了大量的漩涡;沿车长方向,头车车体附近的漩涡情况好于中车和尾车。     

移动地面条件下的微型车外流场数值模拟研究

为研究地面边界条件对汽车外流场数值模拟的影响,制定了两种方案对某微型车进行数值模拟计算,并对结果进行分析．研究表明：不同的地面边界条件对汽车的底部流场有很大的影响,而对上部流场影响不大;不同的地面边界条件对汽车的气动升力和前轮的升力影响很大,对气动阻力和后轮升力影响较小;在汽车的外流场数值模拟中,采用移动地面条件可以提高数值模拟的精度．