一种基于熵权法的通信干扰系统效能评估模型

根据通信干扰系统的功能和基本作战任务,建立了由系统侦察能力、指挥控制能力、干扰能力、生存能力、可靠性等指标构成的评估指标体系,运用熵权法和专家咨询法确定各指标的权重,并采用指数效用函数对各性能指标进行量化,最后给出系统效能评估模型。     

用准定常升力线理论预报螺旋桨在非均匀流场中的性能

本文应用准定常升力线理论预报船用螺旋桨的性能,建立了适合中型计算机的程序。通过四个桨模的敞水试验和性能计算结果比较表明,对于计算螺旋桨的推力与转矩系数,只要应用升力线理论加上简单的粘性经验修正及升力面影响修正,不必作边界层计算即可得到比较满意的结果。伴流场中单个叶片推力与转矩脉动计算表明,用升力线作计算时,伴流产生的水流弯曲对推力、转矩脉动有较明显的影响,对推力偏心度则影响不大,计算所得的推力、转矩脉动可供计算主机扭振及轴系振动的外力作参考。     

复杂电磁环境下反舰导弹抗干扰措施研究

针对未来海战场电磁环境日益复杂的现状,通过分析复杂电磁环境对反舰导弹作战使用的影响,综合当前电子干扰的典型技术及手段,研究了反舰导弹应对电子干扰的措施,为指导复杂电磁环境下反舰导弹的运用提供参考。     

基于LabVIEW的鱼雷电磁引信干扰试验系统设计

水下电子对抗作战环境要求鱼雷电磁引信必须具备良好的抗干扰性能,为了评价电磁引信的抗干扰性能,在LabVIEW环境下设计了鱼雷电磁引信干扰试验系统,采用PXI总线连接试验系统的硬件实体,开发了基于PXI板卡的软件控制平台,由该软件平台控制整个系统完成扫频式干扰和回答式干扰,实现了试验系统的集成化和自动化。     

直接序列扩频信号干扰技术研究

直接序列扩频信号在军事通讯中具有广阔的应用前景。针对直接序列扩频通信系统扩频码本身的特点,从理论上推导得出了直接序列扩频信号的时频特性和参数估计。分析了噪声干扰技术和回波模拟技术。通过计算机仿真,对比了样式相同而不同干扰功率情况下直接序列扩频通信误码率,其仿真结果验证了理论推导的正确性。     

Assessment of policies and detection of unintended effects: Guiding principles for the consideration of methods and tools in policy-packaging

Single policies or entire policy packages are often assessed using different methods aiming at a quantification of effects as well as the detection of undesired outcomes. The knowledge of potential impacts is essential to take informed policy actions. Hence, there is a constant need for efficient assessment approaches to support policy decision-making. A broad range of such assessment methods is used in policymaking. Some of them are using quantitative data; others are characterized by qualitative information, observations or opinions. Practical experiences with transport policy prove that these methods all have their pros and cons, but none of them are able to detect the full range of effects. This leads to important questions this article deals with, such as what are the strengths and limitations of the different tools and methods for assessing impacts, and how should different approaches be integrated into the policymaking processes?We analyze the ability of assessment methods to detect different kinds of intended and unintended effects, and introduce the concepts of structurally open (mainly qualitative) and structurally closed (mainly quantitative) methods. It is argued that these concepts support making the pros and cons of the tools and methods more explicit and, thus, allow integrating the different tools and methods into the process of policy packaging. Based on a policy package example, we provide practical recommendations on how to integrate different assessment methods adequately and show that both quantitative and qualitative tools should be used in different phases of the process. The main recommendation is to alternate the application of assessment methods with structurally open methods used in the beginning and the end of the policymaking process and applying structurally closed methods in between.     

The underground economy: Tracking the higher-order economic impacts of the São Paulo Subway System

Over one million workers commute daily to São Paulo City center, using different modes of transportation. The São Paulo subway network reaches 74.2 km of length and is involved in around 20% of the commuting trips by public transportation, enhancing mobility and productivity of workers. This paper uses an integrated framework to assess the higher-order economic impacts of the existing underground metro infrastructure. We consider links between mobility, accessibility and labor productivity in the context of a detailed metropolitan system embedded in the national economy. Simulation results from a spatial computable general equilibrium model integrated to a transportation model suggest positive economic impacts that go beyond the city limits. While 32% of the impacts accrue to the city of São Paulo, the remaining 68% benefit other municipalities in the metropolitan area (11%), in the State of São Paulo (12.0%) and in the rest of the country (45%).     

The Gothenburg congestion charge. Effects,design and politics

This paper summarizes the traffic effects of the Gothenburg congestion charges introduced in 2013. The system is similar to the system introduced in Stockholm in 2006; both are designed as time-of-day dependent cordon pricing systems. We find that many effects and adaptation strategies are similar to those found in Stockholm, indicating a high transferability between smaller and larger cities with substantial differences in public transport use. However, there are also important differences regarding some of the effects, the accuracy of the model forecasts and public support arising from different topologies, public transport use, congestion levels and main objectives communicated to the public. Finally, the Gothenburg case suggests that whether congestion charges are introduced or not depends on the support among the political parties, and that this is determined primarily by the prevailing institutional setting and power over revenues, and to a lower extent by the public support, and benefits from congestion reduction.     

移就的修辞方式修辞效果及翻译方法

移就是在特殊语言环境中改变词语搭配关系的一种临时迁就,是词语搭配的创造性运用。其常用的修辞方式分为移人于物、移物于人、移物于物三种。其修辞效果是能传达丰富的情感,产生出无穷的艺术张力。移就修辞格的翻译可采用直译法、位置还原法、状语化法和分译法等。