不均匀流场中非空泡螺旋桨诱发的脉动压力场计算(英文)

本文介绍了一种基于升力线理论考虑升力面修正的准定常处理方法及相应的计算程序。应用此方法,可计算不均匀流场中非空泡螺旋桨一系列水动力性能的周向径向分布;脉动轴承力的各阶幅值及相位分布可以得解;由叶片厚度、叶片动态及静态负荷所诱发的自由空间脉动压力场利用源汇分布及压力偶极子分布亦可得解;数值计算表明该方法所计算的敞水性能及脉动轴承力与试验结果吻合良好。本方法可用于螺旋桨在均匀及不均匀流场中的性能预估及脉动轴承力六分力的理论预测,亦可用于进行非空泡螺旋桨在不均匀流场中诱发的自由空间脉动压力场计算。另外,本方法还可用于计算不均匀伴流场中各切面遭遇的脉动攻角及相应空泡数,以之作为输入数据可进一步依理论计算片空泡的几何形状,是空泡螺旋桨激振力计算的重要基础。     

基于数值计算的某油轮快速性虚拟试验研究

为评估船舶快速性,采用两相流自由面VOF技术计算船舶阻力,用带有升力面修正的升力线法计算螺旋桨敞水性能,用非均匀来流的升力线法计算伴流分数和相对旋转效率,用鼓动盘理论计算推力减额。数值计算的结果与模型试验的结果相近。通过数值计算方法将虚拟试验替代模型试验,在保证精度前提下采用较简捷的方法,希望推动虚拟试验的方法朝快捷、高效的方向发展。     

拖式吊舱推进器的非定常水动力性能

应用升力面理论涡格法和面元法,建立了拖式吊舱推进器非定常水动力性能的数值计算方法。螺旋桨桨叶采用升力面理论涡格法计算,吊舱舱体及支架采用HESS-SMITH面元法计算,螺旋桨与吊舱及支架之间的相互影响通过迭代计算来处理。针对拖式吊舱推进器,通过系统的计算和分析,研究了螺旋桨负荷、吊舱和支架诱导速度各分量以及标称与实效诱导速度对其水动力性能的影响。研究表明,就吊舱及支架的实效诱导速度而言,轴向及周向诱导速度主要由支架引起,径向诱导速度主要由吊舱舱体引起。当考察吊舱推进器的定常水动力性能时,可略去吊舱诱导速度的径向及周向分量;考察非定常性能时,可略去径向分量,但应考虑周向分量的影响。以吊舱及支架的标称诱导速度作为进流,将导致非定常推力、扭矩的平均值降低,脉动量幅值减小,因此,虽然标称诱导速度容易得到,但据此进行吊舱推进器的性能预报或设计都会引起一定的误差。非定常水动力的脉动幅值取决于船尾伴流与吊舱诱导速度的相对比例,略去吊舱诱导速度会导致桨叶非定常力的变化特征发生较大变化。     

基于Matlab的船舶螺旋桨推力与转矩仿真计算

螺旋桨作为船舶动力系统的主要构成,其工作状态直接影响着船舶的航行。船舶螺旋桨的推力和转矩计算是螺旋桨性能研究的重点,也是螺旋桨设计与优化的研究基础。本文基于螺旋桨的相关理论,建立推力以及扭矩的计算模型,并使用Matlab进行螺旋桨的推力以及转矩仿真计算。结果表明,本文基于Matlab的船舶螺旋桨推力与转矩仿真计算能够满足螺旋桨性能计算要求。     

预报船后伴流场中空泡螺旋桨诱导之脉动压力的一个实用方法及其验证

在船舶设计阶段，早期预报其振支性能对舰船设计师是非常重要的。本文提出了一个预报船后伴流场扣空泡螺旋浆诱导之脉动压力的一个实用方法，即应用准定常升为线理论与二元空泡叶栅理论相结合来计算叶在船后各角位置上的空泡面积，然后再计算脉动压力，在升力线准定常计算中引入了升力面及粘性修正血子。空泡叶栅计算表明比线生化民水翼理论更接近值，它考虑了叶片之间的干扰作用。采用重叠船模的Ｈｅｓｓ－Ｓｍｉｔｈ方法计算出船尾     

基于滑移网格的螺旋桨性能分析

为计算螺旋桨定常与非定常水动力性能,采用多重参考系模型,利用Reliable k-ε湍流模型计算定常水动力性能,仿真不同进速下螺旋桨的推力系数、转矩系数与敞水效率,将仿真结果与试验值对比,结果表明,采用多重参考系模型计算的推力系数、转矩系数与敞水效率与试验值吻合较好;以定常计算结果为初始值,采用滑移网格模型计算螺旋桨的非定常水动力性能。相比于定常结果非定常结果,与试验值更加吻合,表明滑移网格模型计算的结果精准度更高,更适合于计算螺旋桨的水动力性能。     

螺旋桨随边切割的试验研究和理论计算

根据KMM型号螺旋桨随边切割的试验结果,分析切割量对螺旋桨敞水性能的影响,并以图谱形式给出KMM型号螺旋桨转速的相对改变量与切割量之间的关系。应用升力面方法理论计算螺旋桨切割前后的敞水性能,与试验值的比较表明计算值误差在可接受的范围内。     

端板螺旋桨设计及水动力性能分析

端板螺旋桨自出现以来,表现出强劲的市场竞争力。本文针对消拖两用船的综合舵桨系统,用升力线方法对端板螺旋桨进行设计,并采用计算流体力学方法(CFD)预报了该螺旋桨水动力性能。与常规螺旋桨对比,端板螺旋桨对螺旋桨推力有积极影响。     

叶梢带端板螺旋桨的设计方法

本文主要论述叶梢带端板螺旋桨的设计方法。采用推广的勒布斯（Lerbs）升力线理论和修正的动量定理来计算诱导速度与水动力螺距角。给出了叶梢带端板螺旋桨的环量分布形式以及推力分布的求取方法，还着重介绍了叶梢端板的设计。     

螺旋桨诱导船体表面脉动压力预报的试验研究

研究了螺旋桨诱导的船体表面脉动压力试验预报值随空气含量变化的规律及螺旋桨模型空泡形态随含气量变化的规律,并与实桨空泡对比分析;探索了脉动压力试验预报与实桨测量值最接近的空气含量控制准则;比较了螺旋桨模型在船模伴流场和修正后的伴流场中工作时,螺旋桨诱导的船体表面脉动压力预报值及螺旋桨模型空泡形态,与实船测量观察结果进行对比,并就伴流场修正对螺旋桨诱导的船体表面脉动压力试验预报的影响作了探讨;研究了螺旋桨诱导的船体表面脉动压力的预报值随桨模试验转速变化的规律。     

Estimation and prediction of effective inflow velocity to propeller in waves

A free running test using a container ship model clarified properties of effective inflow velocity to propellers in waves. The analysis assumes that thrust and torque vary keeping their relation to the effective inflow velocity as represented by open-water characteristics of a propeller in a steady calm water condition. Measurement in regular waves confirmed the variation of average values of the effective wake coefficient and ship speed depending on wavelength and wave encounter angle. Comparison with the longitudinal flow velocity measured at the sides of the propeller using an onboard vane-wheel current meters confirmed that one can estimate the effective inflow velocity based on thrust or torque data. Theoretical estimates in regular waves based on a strip method are provided and compared with the experimental data. A prediction model of the future inflow velocity is proposed to cope with a time delay of a propeller pitch controller for higher propeller efficiency in waves.     

Relation between the lifting surface theory and the lifting line theory in the design of an optimum screw propeller

A theory on an optimum screw propeller is described. The optimum means optimum efficiency of a propeller, that is, maximizing thrust horse power for a given shaft horse power. The theory is based on the propeller lifting surface theory. Circulation density (lift density) of the blade is determined by the lifting surface theory on a specified condition in general. However, it is shown that, in the case of optimum condition, the circulation density is not determined by the lifting surface theory, although the circulation distribution which is the chordwise integral of the circulation density is determined. The reason is that the governing equation of the optimization by the lifting surface theory is reduced to that by the lifting line theory. This theoretical deduction is the main part of this paper. The importance of the lifting line theory in the design of the optimum propeller is made clear. Numerical calculations support the conclusion from the deduction. This is shown in the case of freely running propellers and in the case of wake adapted propellers.     

VLCC大侧斜螺旋桨设计可行性研究

本文阐述了大侧斜螺旋桨设计软件包的功能及其使用特点。设计软件包括升力线和升力面设计程序，并能自动生成桨的三投影图和标准尺寸。通过对４艘大型船舶６个大仙斜桨的模型试验，证实了设计方法是可信的，程序包是有效的。为与常规的图谱设计方法进行比较，对其中两艘船按桢的条件各设计了一个ＭＡＵ桨，并加工了桨模。在大型空不筒中用假尾模拟伴流场后对７个桨模作了脉动压力测量。试验结果表明，大侧斜桨与常规桨相比，脉动压力     

用升力面理论预报螺旋桨性能和桨叶表面压力分布

本文提出了一个依据升力面理论预报螺旋桨在不同工况下的性能和桨叶表面压力分布的计算方法。该方法计入了桨叶侧斜、纵斜、径向变螺距和径向变伴流等因素的影响。 在附着涡和自由涡的分析中引入模式函数,导出桨叶区内变密度自由涡的涡强分布,从而得到了表达整个涡系的涡强分布公式,并以此计算由整个涡系产生的诱导速度。这就使得有可能用较短的计算时间和较少的计算机存储量以较高的精度求解一个如此复杂的问题。 作者已经提供了一个理论计算程序。一些计算实例与实验结果的比较表明本文所提供的方法是令人满意的。     

船体伴流对直翼推进器水动力性能的影响

[目的]直翼推进器是一种特种推进器,其借助从船舶底部伸出并围绕垂直轴往复式摆动的桨叶产生精准且无级可调的推力,有必要研究敞水和伴流条件下直翼推进器的水动力性能.[方法]首先,通过分析直翼推进器的工作原理,推导出叶片的多重运动规律公式;然后,基于RANS方程和κ-ε湍流模型,采用滑移网格技术计算直翼推进器的敞水性能;最后...     

吊舱式CRP推进系统理论设计研究

采用螺旋桨旋涡理论和低阶速度势面元法对吊舱式CRP进行适伴流设计。在吊舱给定的前提下对前后桨进行升力线设计和升力面修正,吊舱与前后桨之间的相互影响通过诱导速度来考虑,且诱导速度作为伴流的一部分,并采用面元法进行非定常水动力性能预报。通过实例设计分析可知:在设计进速条件下,采用该方法设计的吊舱式CRP系统与设计的单桨相比,其效率可提高8.533%,设计吊舱式CRP尾流周向诱导速度明显小于单桨时的速度。     

Nonlinear hydroelastic behavior of propellers using a finite-element method and lifting surface theory

A finite-element method coupled with analysis of a noncavitating lifting surface was used to assess the performance of a marine propeller, including the thrust, torque, efficiency coefficients, and deflections. The formulation used displacements as unknowns in the structural part and the strength of the vortex as unknowns in the fluid part. A coupled matrix derived from the Bernoulli equation and hydrostatic pressure in terms of the strength, of the vortex enforced coupling between the fluid and the structure. The resulting matrix equation was unsymmetric and nonlinear; a Newton-Raphson procedure was used to solve this equation. The numerical results were compared with test data; computed and measured values agreed satisfactorily. We also investigated the effect of blade thickness on the performance and strength of the propeller. We did not consider the fatigue strengh of the propeller in this analysis.     

Statistical consideration of propeller load fluctuation at racing condition in irregular waves

Propeller load fluctuation in rough sea conditions is caused by two components: one is the fluctuating inflow velocity and the other is the emergence of the propeller disk from the water. Such disturbances cause large fluctuations in engine power and revolutions, and can lead to the failure of the propulsion plant, which is unacceptable in extreme seas. However, due to strong nonlinearity in the effect of propeller emergence and nonlinear interactions with the inflow velocity in the propeller torque fluctuation, the procedure for obtaining the statistical properties of the propeller torque in extreme sea conditions is not clear. If the statistical properties of propeller torque fluctuation—such as the variance and the probability density function—are known, the corresponding statistics of the response of the engine can be obtained, allowing the safe operation of ship propulsion plants in extreme irregular seas to be assessed.     

舵桨相互作用下现代船舶绕流数值研究（英文）

Reducing the fuel consumption of ships presents both economic and environmental gains. Although in the past decades,extensive studies were carried out on the flow around ship hull, it is still difficult to calculate the flow around the hull while considering propeller interaction. In this paper, the viscous flow around modern ship hulls is computed considering propeller action. In this analysis, the numerical investigation of flow around the ship is combined with propeller theory to simulate the hull-propeller interaction. Various longitudinal positions of the rudder are also analyzed to determine the effect of rudder position on propeller efficiency. First, a numerical study was performed around a bare hull using Shipflow computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code to determine free-surface wave elevation and resistance components.A zonal approach was applied to successively incorporate Bpotential flow solver^ in the region outside the boundary layer and wake, Bboundary layer solver^ in the thin boundary layer region near the ship hull, and BNavier-Stokes solver^in the wake region. Propeller open water characteristics were determined using an open-source MATLAB code Open Prop, which is based on the lifting line theory, for the moderately loaded propeller. The obtained open water test results were specified in the flow module of Shipflow for self-propulsion tests. The velocity field behind the ship was recalculated into an effective wake and given to the propeller code that calculates the propeller load. Once the load was known, it was transferred to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) solver to simulate the propeller action. The interaction between the hull and propeller with different rudder positions was then predicted to improve the propulsive efficiency.     

与粘流耦合的导管螺旋桨升力面设计方法

针对导管螺旋桨这类组合式推进器的设计问题,采用了粘流CFD与传统的势流升力面设计相耦合的方法来计算,以此来考虑船体及其附体与推进器的相互作用,以及流场粘性的影响,解决设计所需的实效进流场的问题,并采用此方法作了导管螺旋桨的设计和模型试验.