Consumer preferences for electric vehicles in lower tier cities of China: Evidences from south Jiangsu region

China is the world biggest market of electric vehicles (EVs) in terms of production and sales. Existing studies on consumer preferences for EVs in China have generally focused on first-tier cities, while little attention has been paid to the lower tier cities. This exploratory study investigates consumer preferences for EVs in lower tier cities of China, by collecting stated preference (SP) data in two second-tier cities and three third-tier cities in the south Jiangsu region of China. The discrete choice modeling analysis shows that Chinese consumers in lower-tier cities are generally sensitive to monetary attributes, charging service and driving range of EVs. They also perceive Chinese vehicle brands to be disadvantaged compared with European brands. When comparing the differences in second-tier versus third-tier cities, we find that consumers in third-tier cities are more sensitive to purchase price, subsidy of purchase, and coverage of charging stations than their second-tier counterparts. This study also highlights the role of different psychological effects, such as symbols of car ownership, normative-face influence, and risk aversion, in shaping consumer preferences for EVs in lower-tier cities of China. Our results provide important implications for contextualizing government policies and marketing strategies in line with the different sizes and characteristics of the cities in China.     

私人小汽车拥有权管制政策效应分析

随着中国城镇化和机动化进程加速,已有多个城市实施了私人小汽车拥有权管制政策。为了给政策完善提供有价值的参考,有必要对该政策产生的宏、微观效应进行分析和评估。以上海市为例,基于公共管制理论,综合运用多种经济计量方法,从宏观层面测算额度管制对私人小汽车增长的限制效果,发现政策成熟期之后私人小汽车年增幅约减少26%~35%。同时,由年度数据分析拍卖市场中额度投放量、竞拍人数和年平均中标价的外部影响因素和内部关联机制。进一步,从微观层面验证月度数据对应的拍卖市场关键变量之间的互动关系,并强调宏微观结论的相互应验和一致性。     

重力式码头胸墙面层防裂新措施及效果

码头面层裂缝是常见的一种质量通病。文中介绍了重力式码头工程胸墙面层防裂治理所采取的多项措施和取得效果,对控制重力式码头胸墙面层裂缝具有一定参考价值。     

高职院校顶岗实习管理模式研究

本文首先分析了高职院校顶岗实习管理模式的基本概念及管理模式起到的作用,然后指出我国现有的顶岗实习模式存在的问题,并提出对应的解决方法,为学校管理在顶岗实习方面的发展提供一定的参考作用。     

切削式吸能的惯性效应

在考虑切削热影响的基础上,采用数值模拟研究了切削式吸能过程的惯性效应,计算了不同初始撞击条件下的稳定切削力、切削位移、最高温度、热耗散能量和热耗散能量比例。计算结果表明:初始撞击能量为20kJ时,切屑生成时切削力未出现明显的初始峰值,稳定切削力变化范围为63.0~63.8kN,变化规律相同,变化趋势一致;撞击质量为200kg,撞击速度变化范围为3~10m·s-1时,稳定切削力变化范围为63.0~64.4kN;撞击速度为10m·s-1,撞击质量由0.4t增加至3.2t时,热耗散能量由4.12kJ增加到36.64kJ,热耗散能量随撞击质量的增大而增大,最高温度变化范围为586℃~602℃,热耗散能量比例变化范围为20.6%~23.2%,稳定切削力的变化范围为63.0~64.1kN。可见,在切削深度和刀具几何参数不变的条件下,初始撞击能量、撞击质量和撞击速度对切削力影响很小,切削式吸能过程的惯性敏感性弱,切削式吸能结构属于第Ⅰ类,而且,切削热占能量耗散比例大,撞击速度对其影响程度大。     

Physical processes in wheel–rail contact and its implications on vehicle–track interaction

Friction within the wheel–rail contact highly influences all aspects of vehicle–track interaction. Models describing this frictional behaviour are of high relevance, for example, for reliable predictions on drive train dynamics. It has been shown by experiments, that the friction at a certain position on rail is not describable by only one number for the coefficient of friction. Beside the contact conditions (existence of liquids, solid third bodies, etc.) the vehicle speed, normal loading and contact geometry are further influencing factors. State-of-the-art models are not able to account for this sufficiently. Thus, an Extended-Creep-Force-Model was developed taking into account effects from third body layers. This model is able to describe all considered effects. In this way, a significant improvement of the prediction quality with respect to all aspects of vehicle–track interaction is expected.     

汽车座椅动态试验CAE分析及结构优化

通过构建某车型后排座椅骨架的有限元分析模型,根据欧洲经济委员会ECER17法规中关于座椅抗惯性的动态试验标准要求,对某汽车后排座椅进行抗惯性动态试验仿真分析。仿真分析结果揭示了座椅结构的应力集中位置,以及座椅结构中容易导致试验失效的薄弱环节,为正确设计以及合理调整改善结构方案提供了依据。通过优化设计,完善了产品的结构。     

船舶近岸航行岸壁效应数值研究

岸壁效应对近岸航行船舶的安全性有重要影响,若操作不当常会造成船舶过度与岸壁接近而发生碰撞.文中以系列60(Cb=0.6)船型为例,采用一种一阶Rankine源面元法计算其在浅水域中以恒定速度沿3种不同岸壁航行时受到的横向力和首摇力矩,分析了水深、船到岸壁距离、岸壁倾斜角度以及下潜岸壁高度等对船舶受到的水动力的影响.     

武广客运专线狮公岩二号隧道施工技术研究

以武广客运专线狮公岩二号隧道为工程背景,针对该隧道埋深浅、偏压显著、围岩软弱破碎、受降雨影响大、隧道断面大、施工变形大且控制困难等特点,在对浅埋段及显著偏压段隧道进行施工效应分析基础上,提出了系列控制措施,有效控制了隧道变形,保证了隧道施工安全.     

适用于重载交通的公路桥梁荷载标准研究

某一级公路具有明显的重载交通特征,在运营过程中也出现了严重的超载问题,为准确分析该一级公路上的汽车荷载,并确定其对该路上广泛使用的简支梁桥和连续梁桥的荷载作用,以WIM调查数据为基础并进行统计分析,利用蒙特卡洛方法随机数生成模拟自然车队的拟合荷载流.基于<公路工程结构可靠度设计统一标准>中计算荷载效应的可靠度理论,以拟合荷载流在产生的弯矩与公路Ⅰ级的弯矩效应比值为分析对象,确定了适应该一级公路重载交通荷载下计算桥梁结构内力的汽车荷载标准.针对该路重载交通的实际情况,给出了不同超载条件下适度提高汽车荷载等级的荷载放大系数.