蜂巢式液冷电池模块传热特性的试验研究

为4 A·h的21700型锂离子电池研发了蜂巢式液冷电池模块,并通过搭建的试验平台测定其充/放电过程的传热特性。结果表明:在25℃环境温度下,0.5C恒流恒压充电和1C恒流放电过程中,电池模块的最大温差均被控制在2℃以内;40℃环境温度下,1C恒流放电过程中,当冷却液流量大于1 L/min时电池模块的最大温差能保持在所要求的5℃以内。说明蜂巢式液冷电池模块冷却性能优良,可为未来电池热管理方案的设计提供技术支撑。     

Physical–biological coupling in spore dispersal of kelp forest macroalgae

The physical–biological linkages controlling the dispersal of spores produced by macroalgae that reside in kelp forests are complicated and laced with feedbacks. Here we discuss the fundamental elements of these interactions. Biological considerations include spore swimming and sinking speeds, their periods of viability in the plankton, and the height of spore release above the seafloor, which together determine the durations over which spores can be swept by horizontal currents before they contact the seafloor. Morphologies and material properties of canopy forming kelps may also influence the drag exerted on passing waters by the kelps, the plants' ability to persist in the face of rapid flows, and thereby the degree to which impinging currents are redirected around, or slowed within, kelp forests. Macroalgal life histories, and the size of spore sources as controlled by the dimensions of kelp forests and the density and fecundity of individuals within them, influence effective dispersal distances as well. Physical considerations encompass the mean speed, direction, and timescales of variability of currents relative to spore suspension times, the interaction of surface gravity waves with currents in producing turbulence in the benthic boundary layer, wind-driven surface mixing, water stratification, and shoreline bathymetry and substratum roughness, all of which can affect the interplay of vertical and horizontal transport of macroalgal spores. Intricate within-forest processes may induce attenuation of current speeds and consequent reductions in seabed shear, along with simultaneous production of small-scale turbulence in kelp wakes. Slower mean currents and smaller eddy scales in turn may attenuate vertical mixing within forests, thus extending spore suspension times. Further complexities likely arise due to changes in the relative rates of horizontal and vertical dispersion, modifications to the overall profiles of vertical mixing, and the creation of fine-scale secondary flows around kelp individuals and substratum features. Under conditions of more rapid currents, submergence of the surface canopy and the establishment of skimming flows at the canopy–fluid interface may introduce additional coherent flow structures that alter rates of fluid exchange to and from the forest. Many of these coupled physical–biological processes are just beginning to be examined in a rigorous fashion in kelp forests, but their potential importance is clear.     

基于混合法的内部结构声分析

有限元法（FEM）是广泛接受的分析耦合结构声（SA）系统动力响应的预报工具。由于随频率增加计算模型也增加导致基于单元的方法在实际中约束在低频段。一种替代方法是基于间接Trefftz法的基于波动方法（WBM）。但WBM的不足之处在于高计算效率只针对中度复杂的几何模型。为了利用两者的优势：FEM的广泛应用和WBM的高收敛特性,提出了混合FE-WB预报法（FEM-WBM）。基本原理是将FE模型中较大且几何简单的部分采用WBM代替。得到的耦合模型仍具有较少的自由度。简要描述了FEM、WBM以及混合FEM-WBM的理论基础。最后将该方法应用于一个简单的结构声模型,理论分析结果与数值仿真计算结果吻合较好,该混合方法有潜力覆盖中频段。     

船体薄壁梁弯扭耦合振动的流固耦合分析

采用耦合有限元,边界元法计算水中船体的弯扭耦合振动.文中用一维薄壁梁有限元模拟船体梁,在横剖面处用二维边界元方法计算结构表面卢压,推导出表征流体对振动特性影响的附加质量阵,编制了用流同耦合方法求解船体振动模态的程序.通过与采用ANSYS软件进行耦合场分析以及刘易斯方法得到的振动模念相比较,验证了文中方法的可行性和应用性.     

基于多层动网格技术的流固耦合方法研究

从弱耦合的角度出发,对某型跨声速风扇叶片做了第一阶扭转振动模态下的流固耦合验证计算,采用三维线性插值方法,通过商用软件ANSYS和CFX实现了计算结构动力学和计算流体力学之间的数据交换,从而使固体域与流体域顺序祸合.应用多层动网格技术解决了固体域模型在流场中运动受到流体网格尺寸制约的问题.计算结果表明,模拟结果可以预估叶轮系统的模态气动阻尼系数,具有工程参考价值.     

客运专线曲线线路车线耦合系统动力学性能与无砟轨道结构振动响应的仿真研究

依据系统工程理论的思想,对客运专线曲线线路车线耦合系统的动力学性能和无砟轨道结构车辆线路耦合系统振动响应问题进行分析和仿真研究,主要研究内容如下。(1)基于车辆—轨道耦合动力学理论和有限元理论,系统分析车线耦合系统中各部分的运动状态,分别建立机车车辆、普通曲线线     

船用液货控制系统设计

介绍了一种液货船的计算机集成控制系统架构。该架构将液货船液货系统和压载控制纳入统一的智能化管理平台中,实现了液货船的高度智能化。     

土工液塑限试验中的新方法应用与比较

针对公路与水电土工试验规程中所采用的作图法确定液塑限值而带来的诸多不便,采用数学解析法、最小二乘法、回归分析法计算液塑限试验数据,并将其编制成QBASIC程序上机处理,由此确定出的液限、塑限值较传统方法方便、快捷、准确。同时对公路与水电土工试验规程中所采用的不同圆锥下沉深度而计算出的液塑限值进行了比较。     

船用柴油机润滑油配伍试验研究

本文首先介绍了柴油机主要摩擦副——缸套和活塞环的磨损机理,然后提出了对曲柄箱润滑油的要求,其中最主要的是润滑油自始至终必须保持一定的碱性。作者还阐述了合理选择气缸润滑油的依据和方法,最后在我所的试验机上选用3种(A、B、C)不同配伍的润滑油作抗磨性,清净分散性比较试验,得出A优于B,B优于C,及A、B、C3种都可正常使用的结论。     

船载货物单元在非规则波中系固有效性校核的一种评价方法

货物单元在运输中,合理系固是确保船舶安全的重要因素,而系固方案制定后,如何针对实际海况对其系固效果进行正确评价则是货物系固的关键.在非规则波的基础上,充分考虑到各自由度运动之间的耦合影响,提出一种更为贴近海上实际的系固有效性校核的评价方法,同时将风力、波溅力、摩擦力等因素考虑到此方法当中,由此得出的结论会更客观.也为完善系固方案提供了依据,并可作为《货物积载和系固安全操作规则(CSS Code)》的补充.