船舶吃水对水深测量的影响浅析

在水深地形测量工作中,有很多不稳定因素极易造成水深数据误差.其中测量船舶吃水不准确也是造成误差的原因之一,因此测深船的大小以及船型的选择很重要.根据实际工作经验,对各种测量船舶吃水变化引起的水深测量误差的原因进行分析,并提出各种情况下减少水深测量误差的方法,以提高水深测量精度.     

Assessment of the volume of fluid method for free-surface wave flow

This study was concerned with the free-surface wave flow around a surface-piercing foil. The volume of fluid method implemented in a Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics code was employed. Three widely used discretization schemes for the volume of fluid method were assessed for a test case that involved general ship waves, spilling breaking waves in front of the leading edge, and bubbly free surfaces in separated regions. A single computational approach was selected for the comparison, and a grid-dependence study was carried out. The computational results were validated against existing experimental data, showing good agreement. The validation results suggest that all three discretization schemes perform well, but the best and most efficient results were obtained using the high-resolution interface capturing scheme.     

Liner ship route schedule design with port time windows

This paper examines a practical tactical liner ship route schedule design problem, which is the determination of the arrival and departure time at each port of call on the ship route. When designing the schedule, the availability of each port in a week, i.e., port time window, is incorporated. As a result, the designed schedule can be applied in practice without or with only minimum revisions. This problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear nonconvex optimization model. In view of the problem structure, an efficient holistic solution approach is proposed to obtain global optimal solution. The proposed solution method is applied to a trans-Atlantic ship route. The results demonstrate that the port time windows, port handling efficiency, bunker price and unit inventory cost all affect the total cost of a ship route, the optimal number of ships to deploy, and the optimal schedule.     

路网环境下考虑大型车混入率的事故疏散诱导模型

大型车的混入对高速公路交通流产生了较大的影响，尤其是在交通事故情景下。为了引导事故条件下驾驶人和组织者做出高效准确的决断，将考虑了大型车混入率的动态空间占有率模型引入到交通波模型，构建干涉与非干涉情景下的交通事故影响模型。以郑尧高速为例，对模型的准确性和可行性进行了验证，分别对干涉情景下的疏散时间、疏散量以及事故发生的位置，车辆数等指标与事故影响程度的指标（包含事故最远排队长度，事故持续时间）关系进行分析。研究结果表明：疏散时间与事故影响程度成正相关关系，疏散量与事故影响程度成负相关关系，而事故发生点与上游匝道之间的距离与其关系不大；道路服务水平为0.456，车辆数为1 321 veh·h^-1时，为了使得分合流区不受影响，在不采取任何措施的情景下，应将大型车混入率控制在50.1%以下，使得最远排队长度在10 km内；当大型车混入率大于58%时，将很难通过干涉引导避免对上游分合流区产生影响；在35 min以内采取干涉措施的效果最为明显，而大于35 min时，事故持续时间会发生一个急剧的增加，不利于路网恢复，之后事故恢复时间将趋于平稳；对道路交通量进行模拟可知交通量每增加50 veh，疏散时间和距离增加的范围为[1.5 min，3.6 min]和[1.209 km，1.543 km]。研究结果可为高速公路事故诱导策略制定和疏散效果提升提供参考。     

船舶柴油机调速器参数整定的多目标优化和多属性决策研究

综合考虑系统在输入阶跃扰动和负荷扰动两个工况时的超调量、稳定时间和ITAE指标，研究了PID控制器参数寻优的问题。采用多目标遗传算法求出Pareto最优解，使用信息熵法和逼近理想解的排序方法（TOPSIS）对Pareto最优解给出了排序。计算了一艘水面船舶柴油机调速器控制的数值算例，结果表明本文方法有效，所设计的PID性能优异，可以工程实际应用。     

基于蚁群算法和群决策理论的动态路径优化研究

文章针对城市交通信号控制中的动态路径优化问题,综合考虑相邻交叉口间距和路段交通饱和度两个参数的影响,提出了一种基于蚁群算法和群决策理论的动态路径优化算法模型,并通过仿真实验,对比分析了该算法模型的有效性。     

负压波在管道泄漏检测与定位中的应用

文中基于负压波检测原理,对压力管道泄漏进行实时检测及定位.分别在管线上下游设置压力传感器,泄漏产生的负压波通过管道和介质自泄漏点向管线上下游传播,其压力波信号被压力传感器检测.通过分析压力传感器采集的数据,得到上下游的泄漏负压波传播速度,并结合压力传感器捕捉到的压力波波形和上下游压力传感器接收到压力波信号的时间差对泄漏点进行定位.结果表明:该方法对泄漏的判断与定位精度取决于负压波传播速度的测定精确度.     

隧道下穿运营机场跑道的爆破振动安全判据研究

以我国第一座采用钻爆法下穿运营机场跑道的隧道恩施金凤大道许家坪隧道工程为依托,开展对机场跑道的爆破动力安全判据的研究。首先基于应力波传播理论及极限拉应力准则,对爆炸应力波传播至机场跑道上表面(即自由面)处发生的反射进行理论分析,建立基于混凝土跑道结构安全的爆破振动速度判据模型,并提出跑道的爆破振动速度安全阈值;同时,基于数值模拟,从统计角度建立拉应力峰值与质点振动速度峰值之间的函数关系,求解得到机场跑道的爆破振动速度安全阈值。最后,将理论分析结果、数值计算分析与《爆破安全规程》进行对比分析,最终确定机场跑道的爆破振动速度安全判据,为在隧道下穿机场跑道爆破施工提供了依据。     

Investigation of ship waves in a narrow channel

This paper presents a discussion of the characteristics of ship waves in a narrow channel restricted by vertical walls, based on observed data and the results computed by a 2-D model. In the numerical model, the propagation of waves generated by a moving ship is simulated by solving 2-D depth-integrated Boussinesq equations. To get the boundary conditions at the location of the ship, the slender-ship approximation is employed. A field observation was carried out at a straight length of navigation channel. The ships targeted in the observations are two kinds of waterbuses with lengths of 28 and 24 m. The relative depth Froude number for the river current, an appropriate parameter for assessing the influence of the current on ship wave characteristics in a navigation channel, ranged from 0.47 to 0.76. The observed maximum wave height varied between 0.13 and 1.26 m. The maximum wave height of the wave train is sharply increased when the relative depth Froude number exceeds 0.6. The results computed by the present model agree fairly well with the observed data.