铺缆船用电缆埋设犁土壤挖掘阻力计算

传统的计算埋设犁土壤挖掘阻力的方法一般采用经验公式计算。经验公式依赖丰富的试验数据，且只能适应特定形状和尺寸的埋设犁。由于埋设犁的形状和尺寸各不相同，基于经验公式计算土壤挖掘阻力的方法准确性不高。根据土力学基本原理，在力学分析的基础上，运用数学方法进行公式推导，得到用于计算不同形状尺寸埋设犁挖掘阻力的理论方法，解决依赖经验公式计算土壤挖掘阻力的局限性。     

Centrifuge modelling of pipe-soil interaction in clay with crust layer

Seabed in regions, such as the Gulf of Guinea and North West Shelf of Australia, may exhibit a crust layer where the undrained shear strength can be an order of magnitude higher than that of the immediately underlying sediment. This can complicate design of steel catenary risers, where fatigue depends on the cyclic vertical stiffness of the pipe-soil interaction. Potential punch-through of the riser into the underlying soft soil may invalidate design assumptions based on the pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer, which exhibits similar properties to an over-consolidated soil, is also poorly understood. This paper describes centrifuge model tests undertaken in a clay sample with a crust layer, simulating the punch-through process of a pipe under load control and investigating the pipe-soil stiffness during long-term cyclic loading tests under displacement control. Results confirm that the potential for punching-through the crust layer depends strongly on the relative ratio of pipe diameter to crust layer thickness. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness showed a steady increase after an initial remoulding stage in contractile soils (normally consolidated and lightly over-consolidated), but a steady reduction in the heavily over-consolidated, more dilatant, crust. The magnitude of pipe-soil stiffness changes (during both remoulding and reconsolidation) is governed by the over-consolidation ratio of the soil and the amplitude of the cyclic displacements. This study provides insights on the relevant cyclic stiffness to consider when assessing SCR fatigue life in over-consolidated soils and soils exhibiting a superficial crust layer.     

粉质黏土层大直径泥水盾构掘进地层扰动分析

针对盾构机在粉质黏土层中推进引起的地层扰动进行分析尤为重要。以新建京张高铁JZSG-1标段清华园隧道2号～1号盾构区间为例,采用现场实测与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究大直径泥水平衡盾构隧道穿越粉质黏土层引起的地层扰动,得到土体横向水平位移及地表沉降的变化规律。需对横向1.5D范围内地表及建(构)筑物进行地层加固、加强监控量测;在盾构掘进过程中,应根据沉降数据实时调整盾构掘进参数及加固方案,以期更好地控制地表沉降。针对掌子面释放系数和注浆层软化模量进行参数分析数值计算,提出地表沉降的有效控制方法,在条件允许情况下适当提早管片的拼装及适当加快注浆层的硬化速度,可有效控制地表沉降。     

海上风电大直径单桩基础固有频率影响因素的数值分析

针对海上风电整机结构其低阶固有频率的控制问题,基于有限元分析技术开展小直径桩土相互作用的数值模拟分析,与试验结果、API规范计算结果进行对比,验证了数值模型的适用性,分析大直径单桩结构桩内土芯、冲刷深度、表层土置换措施对整机固有频率的影响,结果表明,基于有限元实体单元计算所得一、二阶整机固有频率要明显大于传统p-y方法计算结果;桩内土芯对一、二阶整机固有频率影响很小;在一定范围内,随着泥面冲刷深度的增加,一、二阶固有频率降低不明显,认为传统p-y方法对于大直径单桩的适用性有待研究;在实际工程设计中,桩内土芯的影响可忽略;对于大直径单桩,在一定范围内可以忽略冲刷的影响。     

避免输送黏土管线堵塞的设备和方法

绞吸船开挖输送黏性土时,如果不控制好吹填流速和浓度,就容易发生疏浚土堵管现象。为此,在总结传统防堵塞和疏通管道方法的基础上,采用试验对比等方法,设计一种特型防堵塞排泥钢管以及使用该种设备进行预防堵塞和疏通堵管的作业方法。     

单侧边载作用下黏土中单桩负摩阻力特性模型试验研究

桩基础边载作用会在桩周产生负摩阻力,进而危及软土地区高桩码头、人工岛、路基等工程的安全。通过开展黏土中单侧堆载作用下单桩室内模型试验,测定桩身应变、桩顶沉降和水平位移,研究边载作用距离和桩型对桩身轴力及弯矩的影响,探讨桩身负摩阻力、桩顶沉降和水平位移在黏土固结过程中的时间效应。结果表明:边载作用距离对桩身最大轴力和最大弯矩有较大影响;翼板桩会增加桩身最大轴力和最大弯矩;负摩阻力和有效应力系数随时间增长且增速趋缓;增加边载作用距离和添加翼板都会提升桩身中性点位置,在这两组试验中均提升了8.33%。     

装配式桩基码头设计建造应用现状与展望

针对水运工程高桩梁板式桩基码头设计建造过程中存在的构件标准化及装配化程度差、施工效率低等问题,分析装配式桩基码头设计建造应用现状,总结装配式桩基码头结构体系的基本特点、模式及连接方式,提出装配化程度指标构件装配率和体积装配率概念,并根据实际工程案例得出传统高桩码头的装配率指标。     

Assessment of fatigue strength of steel butt-welded joints in as-welded condition – Alternative approaches for curve fitting and mean stress effect analysis

Experimental fatigue data for butt-welded joints in as-welded condition and under constant amplitude tensile loading (secondary bending included) were analyzed using the nominal stress system and the notch stress system. Two approaches were used; a standard fitting procedure and minimization of the sum of squared perpendicular distances from a line with a fixed and free slope. In all cases, the latter method gave better agreement between the experimental and predicted fatigue life and fatigue strength. The analyses showed both with all broken specimen data included and with reduced data that the FAT225 curve, as recommended by IIW, might be too optimistic for the notch stress approach in the case of butt-welded joints in as-welded condition. It was also found that use of the local stress ratio instead of the applied stress ratio might explain many issues concerning current observations and apparent inconsistencies in reported literature.     

浅埋顶管沉井周边土体的三维破坏形状及沉降研究

为研究顶管沉井及周边土体在顶进力作用下的形变范围与大小，以加固旋喷桩作为沉井周围加固体建立ABAQUS软件计算模型，并将模拟结果与工程实例、PLAXIS 3D软件所得结果进行对比分析。同时，采用广州地区花岗岩残积土进行室内沉井模型试验，并通过试验结果对数值模拟结论进行验证，得出结论如下： 1）在开挖基坑前达到设计强度的旋喷桩能有效减小基坑周边土体塌陷变形、坑底隆起。2）在施加工作顶推力下，前侧主动区首先出现贯通裂缝，竖向位移斜率增大出现明显拐点；继续增大顶推力，土体位移会急剧增大导致地表沉降严重。3）对于后背土体，在顶推力作用下，地表破裂线的切线角度从0°逐渐增大至45°+φ/2，导致破裂范围也不断扩大；达到45°+φ/2处后，继续施加顶推力会导致短轴方向破坏范围扩大的速度较长轴方向的速度更快；三维空间中被动区破坏土体在地表处产生形状为椭圆的破坏面，椭圆长轴方向为顶推轴线方向，被动破坏体呈现为牛角状椭圆楔体。     

基于NOVA的多孔材料吸声性能分析及优化

三聚氰胺泡沫是一种性能优良的多孔吸声材料.利用NOVA软件对三聚氰胺泡沫的吸声特性进行分析.首先将数值计算得到的多孔材料吸声系数与实测值比较,证明NOVA的预报结果具有可靠性.接着,分析了3种常见多孔材料的吸声系数曲线.最后,以材料厚度、密度、孔隙率和背面空腔厚度4个参数为因素,每个因素取4个水平,选用L16(45)正交表进行正交试验,找到了使材料平均吸声系数最高的因素水平组合,并通过方差分析发现,材料厚度和背后空腔厚度是影响三聚氰胺泡沫吸声性能的主要因素.