瓯江河口及温州浅滩冲淤演变分析

基于瓯江河口和温州浅滩多年实测水文泥沙及地形水深资料,研究其冲淤演变特征。结果表明:瓯江流域径流量呈现年际、洪枯流量差别大的特点,此特性对瓯江河床冲淤变化起着至关重要的作用;瓯江口外及温州浅滩区域由于风浪作用引起泥沙再悬浮,导致其含沙量增大;瓯江河口地形表现为"洪冲枯淤"的特点,尽管河床纵、横向冲淤变化频繁,但河床冲淤幅度和河道容积在年间与年内变化不大,相对稳定;而温州浅滩则处于不断淤涨状态。特别是近期的人工围垦工程的建设进一步加大了其淤积速度,浅滩内普遍发生淤积,其中浅滩南端、北段及邻近灵霓大堤附近淤积最甚。同时,温州浅滩靠南口水道部分由于灵霓北堤建设及完成后封堵了其北侧上浅滩的潮量,从而加大了大、小霓屿岛间进入浅滩的潮量,使得其在1999—2010年间处于冲刷的状态。     

温州瓯飞浅滩地形冲淤演变特征

基于瓯飞浅滩海域多年水文泥沙及地形水深实测资料,分析研究其水动力泥沙特性及地形冲淤演变规律。结果表明:研究海域潮流性质属于非正规半日浅海潮流,各垂线分潮流椭圆率K值在0. 00～0. 20之间,故潮流总体上以往复流为主;含沙量分布呈现外海向口内逐渐增大的趋势,且大潮期含沙量明显大于中潮和小潮期;通过对瓯飞浅滩近几十年的冲淤计算及相关断面分析,认为瓯飞浅滩的潮滩区域总体处于略有淤高基本稳定的状态。不同于潮滩区域,瓯飞浅滩的水下浅滩区域在1987—2010年,年均冲刷幅度为0. 008～0. 02 m,表现为基本稳定略有冲刷的状态。     

富绥公路桥桥址河段演变规律及通航条件研究

以实测水文、泥沙及地形资料为依据,针对该河段河床宽浅、洲滩及支汊众多,河床覆盖层较厚,河床可动性较大,拟建桥址河段均存在航槽摆动等特点,利用河床演变分析及物理模型试验等手段,研究了富绥松花江公路大桥3个桥址河段河床演变规律及通航条件,提出满足通航要求的推荐桥址,为富绥松花江公路大桥桥址选择提供科学依据。     

Response of carbon fiber trapezoidal corrugated sandwich structure under air explosion loading北大核心CSCD

The effects of the thickness of the face plate, angle of the wall plate and height of the core layer on the anti-explosion performance of carbon fiber reinforced composite trapezoidal corrugated sandwich structures were investigated. [Methods]First, based on the 3D Hashin failure criterion, a subroutine module of the damage evolution of fiber reinforced composites is developed using the VUMAT user subroutine interface in ABAQUS. Second, through comparison with experiments in the public literature, the effectiveness of the dynamic response simulation method of carbon fiber reinforced composites based on a development subroutine under explosion impact loading is verified. Finally, a parametric study on the explosion resistance of carbon fiber reinforced composite trapezoidal corrugated plates is carried out based on the numerical method. [Results]The results show that, compared with increasing the thickness of the blast face panel, increasing the thickness of the back blast face panel can improve the explosion resistance of the sandwich plate more obviously; when the folding angle of the core wall plate decreases from 45° to 30°, the explosion resistance increases by 1.3%; when it decreases from 60° to 45°, the explosion resistance increases by 6.3%; and whenthecoreheightincreasesfrom8mmto20mm, theexplosionresistanceincreasesby27.7%.[Conclusions]The results of this study can provide references for the explosion-proof design of carbon fiber reinforced composite sandwich structures. © 2023 Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University. All rights reserved.     

跨江大桥对天星洲尾演变的影响及护滩对策

天星洲是长江下游的江心洲，拟建常泰长江大桥北侧桥墩布设与天星洲尾相毗邻。通过物理模型试验，研究常泰长江大桥的建设对天星洲尾演变的影响。结果表明，常泰长江大桥建设后，天星洲尾冲刷幅度较工程前有所增加，不利于天星洲夹槽的稳定，需要对天星洲尾进行护滩守护。与潜堤高程较高的护滩方案相比，低潜堤方案引起天星洲沙尾附近流速增幅稍小，幅度一般在0.03 m/s以内，引起天星洲夹槽流速减幅稍小，幅度一般在0.02 m/s以内，更有利于天星洲尾的稳定和七圩临时航道的水深维护。工程实施可守护天星洲尾，七圩临时航道桥位下游附近略有冲刷，有利于航道水深维护。     

基于流凌演进数值模拟的可视化方法

针对流凌演进三维可视化技术在冰冻河流可视化仿真方面不足的问题，结合MIKE21与ArcGIS软件，提出一种基于流凌演进数值模拟结果的可视化方法。通过模型构建、网格划分、边界条件确定，开展流凌演进数值模拟与分析，建立面向可视化的流凌演进数值模拟结果提取方法，实现流凌演进三维可视化仿真场景与数值模拟的可视化数据融合。基于空间数据库与属性数据库，建立的流凌演进仿真模拟系统，可全方位展示流凌演进过程中地形、水流、堤防结构物等仿真模拟结果。     

耐候钢及其焊接节点大气腐蚀经时演化预测方法

为了给解决耐候钢桥在应用和发展中所面临的腐蚀问题提供理论方法与对策，针对耐候钢在大气环境中的腐蚀损伤演化特性，通过编制MATLAB程序，建立了基于三维元胞自动机技术的耐候钢焊接节点大气腐蚀经时演化模型。该模型根据耐候钢在大气腐蚀过程中发生的化学反应，将大气腐蚀系统中的关键元素抽象成4种元胞类型，并离散成元胞网格。对母材和焊缝分别定义了不同的元胞邻居类型，模拟了耐候钢焊接节点代表性体元在介观尺度上的腐蚀演化过程，并通过大气暴露试验验证了所提出方法的可行性和有效性，揭示了耐候钢焊接节点腐蚀动力学及蚀坑演化规律，分析了溶解氧浓度和溶解概率对腐蚀损伤的影响。在此基础上提出了耐候钢大气腐蚀经时演化预测方法。研究结果表明：所提出的耐候钢焊接节点经时演化模型稳定可靠，演化规律合理，当时间尺度和空间尺度分别设置为0.2年和100μm时，模拟结果与大气暴露试验数据吻合良好；耐候钢焊接节点的腐蚀损伤主要由溶解概率和溶解氧浓度决定，平均腐蚀深度随溶解概率和溶解氧浓度的增加而增大。所提出的耐候钢大气腐蚀演化预测方法能够较为准确地再现研究对象的大气腐蚀过程，描述和识别研究对象在大气中的腐蚀动力学、腐蚀形态和蚀坑...     

Seabed collision emergency decision-making of AUV based on safety domain model北大核心CSCD

［Objectives］To ensure safety and prevent seabed collisions in complex unknown underwater environments, this study proposes a seabed safety domain model and tiered emergency response strategies. ［Methods］A vertical motion simulation model is established and verified by surpassing the test results, then used to calculate the active and passive safety domain distance of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), thereby establishing a seabed safety domain model. An AUV emergency control system and emergency strategies are then built on the basis of the dynamic safety domain model. The trim and distance from the seabed of the AUV are used to calculate the current and future risk factors. Based on the weighted sum, the comprehensive risk factor is employed to provide the AUV with emergency response strategies.［Results］Lake tests with the AUV sailing at a fixed depth and height show a strong dependency of the comprehensive risk coefficient on seabed height when it is close to the boundary of the AUV's active safety domain. In the opposite case, there is a weak dependency of the comprehensive risk coefficient on seabed height. The results show that the proposed AUV emergency control system can reduce emergency false alarms caused by frequently changing riverbed heights and sailing altitudes close to the seabed. In such cases, reasonable emergency strategies can be realized under complex rough terrain.［Conclusions］The AUV seabed safety domain model and tiered emergency response strategies based on vertical motion equations proposed herein can be applied to evaluate seabed collision risk in various cases. Finally, this paper provides emergency response strategies to avoid seabed collision accidents, which can enhance the safety of AUV navigation. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.     

透水型级配碎石基层填料强度演化特征的离散元模拟

骨架空隙型级配碎石填料因其较好的渗透性能而广泛应用于透水型基床结构层，但其在不同级配下的抗剪强度特征及演化规律仍不明确。首先针对6种不同级配类型的碎石填料试样开展了不同围压下的室内单调加载三轴压缩试验，进而采用考虑颗粒真实不规则形状的三维离散单元方法对室内试验结果进行了数值模拟研究，从颗粒间接触、微观组构和颗粒运动等角度揭示了透水型级配碎石基层(UPAB)填料抗剪强度机理及其随级配变化的演化特征，验证了室内试验得出的级配影响规律及级配优化设计方法。研究结果表明：细颗粒通过改变颗粒体系的内部排列结构(即各向异性程度)而直接影响级配碎石填料宏观抗剪强度，细颗粒含量对试样的剪切破坏形态有直接影响，随着细颗粒含量的减少，试样整体发生较大变形时表现为内部颗粒发生转动的比例下降但发生颗粒间滑动的比例增加；试样失稳的主要原因是由于颗粒拓扑结构的改变，最终发展成不可逆的塑性变形；级配控制参数G/S=1.8时试样表现出最低的各向异性特征，相同应变条件下的颗粒旋转角均值最小，表明此时试样内部的颗粒堆积排列最优且抗剪强度最高，G/S=1.8可取作“填充密实”型与“残余空隙”型结构的分界；不同级配的试样内部颗...