水毁路基边坡丁坝护岸工程设计及其效果分析

对东江清溪河段水毁路基河段的保护进行了丁坝护岸工程设计,并采用二维数学模型对其效果进行了计算和分析,以确定工程设计方案的挑流和护岸效果,以及是否对通航造成影响。     

膨胀土地区路基水损害作用机理研究及防治对策

对我国膨胀土地区水损害机理进行了研究,归纳总结了对膨胀土路基水损害需采取排水、支挡、生物工程、避让等对策措施.     

创新实践,探索铁路给水体制改革新模式

根据铁路主辅分离,跨越式发展的需要,结合一年多来的工作实践,分析了当前基层铁路给水企业、职工面临的困难和任务,总结一年来改革尝试的经验,探索了铁路给水企业生存发展的方向,力求为类似辅业的分离改制提供借鉴、帮助。     

因地制宜,综合施治,务实解决街坊小区积水顽症

上海市杨浦区某些街坊小区一遇暴雨即产生严重的积水问题。通过调查研究，找出病症，提出改造方案．有效地解决了小区的积水顽症。本文结合实际，总结了若干综合技术措施和行政管理、协调手段。     

Distribution of suspended sediment in the coastal sea off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth: observation from TM data

Remote sensing technique was applied to estimate suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and to understand transportation, distribution and deposition of suspended sediment in the estuary and throughout the coastal sea, off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth. During low river discharge period, zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the estuary near the shore. SSC map shows that maximum SSC reaches 1050 mg/l in this period. Magnitude of SSC is mainly owing to resuspension of the bottom surface sediments induced by tidal currents flowing over shallow water depths. The influence of depth on resuspension is farther revealed from the distribution and magnitude of SSC along the head of Swatch of No Ground (SNG) submarine canyon. During high river discharge period, huge river outflow pushed the salt wedge and flashes away the suspended sediments in the coastal sea off the river mouth. Zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the coastal water approximately within 5–10 m depth of water, where the maximum SSC reaches 1700 mg/l. In this period, huge fluvial input of the suspended sediments including the resuspended bottom sediments and the particles remaining in suspension for longer period of time since their initial entry control mainly the magnitude of SSC. In the estuary near the shore, seasonal variation in the magnitude of SSC is not evident. In the coastal sea (>5 m water depth), seasonal influence in the magnitude of SSC could be concluded from the discrepancy between SSC values of two different seasons. Transportation and deposition of suspended sediments also experiences seasonal variations. At present, suspended sediments are being accumulated on the shallow shelf (between 5 and 10 m water depth) in low discharge period and on the mid-shelf (between 10 and 75 m water depth) during high discharge period. An empirical (exponential) relationship was found between gradual settle down of suspended sediments in the coastal sea and its lateral distance from the turbidity maximum.     

航行船舶在浅水水底引起的压力变化

航行船舶在水底引起的压力变化对其自身安全有重要影响。通过船池模型试验研究，总结出了航行船舶水底压力的分布规律，分析了负压峰值的影响因素，提出了水压场换算方法。在浅水、薄船条件下，忽略非线性影响，得到了船舶水压场的简化计算公式，计算结果较好地反映了试验结果的变化规律。     

清水冲刷河床调整过程试验研究

通过沙质河床清水冲刷水槽试验,对河床纵剖面的调整、沙波尺度、粗化层厚度及其与沙波运动关系、粗化层级配、推移质级配等进行了观测分析,进一步揭示了清水冲刷,河床重建平衡的机理。水槽试验表明,沙质河床清水冲刷,上游河段比降调平,床沙粗化,沙波发育,河床阻力增大,水深增大,流速减小,导致河床供沙能力削弱,输沙能力降低,冲刷向不冲刷转化。     

长江中下游航道整治技术问题的几点思考

长江中下游的航道整治目前全面展开,很多技术问题亟待解决,为此结合目前的整治技术进展,对诸如整治河段单元的划分、目标河型的选择、工程区、守护工程功能属性转化、洲头鱼骨坝的作用扩展、汊道分流面、工程的结构型式等问题进行了商榷性讨论,为最终解决这些问题做一些铺垫性思考。     

基于层次灰色模型的铁路技术创新绩效综合评价

运用技术创新基本理论,结合铁路技术创新实际,从效益(经济、社会)增长、市场状态(市场份额、市场营销)改善和创新主体素质(技术装备水平、管理水平)提高3个方面建立了评价铁路技术创新绩效的多级指标体系。将层次分析法(AHP)和灰色系统理论结合起来建立了层次灰色评价模型(HGM),运用该模型对铁路技术创新绩效分别从整体和分项进行了综合评价,得出:铁路技术创新绩效绩优度为“一般”,其主要原因在于铁路运输市场状态改善中市场份额扩大程度较低。实证分析结果表明:改进层次灰色评价法(层次灰色评价模型)为一种评价铁路技术创新绩效的有效方法。     

帷幕注浆在富水地层桩基施工中的应用

研究目的:帷幕注浆具有施工机具不受空间的限制、无大量返浆和废液需要处理以及对地下水和环境无污染等优点,对不同地层均能取得土体强度增加、渗透系数明显减小的工程效果,并产生良好的护壁作用。采用帷幕注浆可解决在渗透系数大、承压水头高的地层中进行特大桥桩基施工中面临成孔困难的问题,本文进一步探讨了该工艺在西南地区某长江大桥施工中的应用经验。研究方法:结合某长江大桥桩基施工的工程实例,论述了帷幕注浆的设计要点、施工工艺,并且介绍了判定帷幕注浆止水效果的原位测试方法,对测试结果进行了深入的分析。研究结果:在正常的压力状态下,地层的综合渗透系数在10-5cm／s数量级;在水压力大于0．3 Mpa情况下帷幕可能会出现水力劈裂现象,导致渗透系数增大。研究结论:采用帷幕注浆止水效果明显,保证了桩基的顺利施工。