上海长江大桥节段模型气动三分力试验

以主跨为730 m的钢主梁斜拉桥为对象,研究了栏杆、汽车等对汽车-钢主梁桥面系统的气动三分力系数的影响。进行了1∶60缩尺模型试验,开展了桥面无车状态、桥面有车状态和施工状态下的75个试验工况节段模型测力试验研究,并利用获得的三分力系数进行了全桥静风响应分析。结果表明:栏杆增加了主梁的阻力系数;桥面车辆的存在使车-桥系统的阻力系数降低,升力系数的绝对值变小,升力矩系数绝对值变小;3种状态中三分力系数越大,相应的侧向、竖向和扭转响应越大;随风攻角变化,栏杆、汽车对车-桥系统阻力、升力和升力矩的影响各不相同。     

高速行驶遭遇侧风的SUV汽车气动特性模拟研究

采用计算流体力学和合成风方法研究某SUV汽车高速行驶遭遇比较危险强度侧风下的外流场分布并得到气动力（矩）及系数。该方法使乘用车高速行驶遭遇危险侧风情况下气动特性预测成为可能。为深入研究高速行驶侧风作用下乘用车气动特性以及结合汽车操纵动力学对侧风稳定性进行动力学仿真提供了有利的参考。     

错拐技术对内燃机内部激励力的影响研究

研究了对采用错拐技术的内燃机进行惯性力系平衡分析的通用方法,推导并建立了任意缸排夹角和任意错拐角条件下的V6机型惯性力系分析公式,分析得到了90°V6内燃机错拐30°后其惯性力系的平衡特性。针对某V6柴油机,对比分析了该柴油机采用错拐技术前后倾覆力矩及惯性力系的变化情况,结果表明,错拐曲轴平衡技术可有效抑制内燃机内部的激励载荷,是改善内燃机振动、噪声特性极为有效的技术措施之一。     

车辆随机动态荷载的多层次分析

根据影响车辆随机动态荷载的主要因素，在设定的多层次指标体系的基础上，将层次分析法（AHP）用于随机动态荷载的评定中。该方法将复杂的车辆随机动态荷载问题分解成若干层次，在各层次上对随机动态荷载进行定量分析。根据分析结果,建立了随机动态荷载的分级标准，为合理荷载模型的确定提供了依据。     

越野车空调系统的开发设计

某军用越野车引进的空调系统在试验过程中存在控制系统不能适用、制冷量偏小、噪音大、风量不均匀等问题,根据我国实际使用条件,结合国内空调设计生产情况,对空调系统的参数及结构进行重新设计。提出了加大制冷力度,控制系统改气动控制为电动控制,运用软件对风道工作情况进行模拟分析等方法。试验结果表明,新空调系统完全满足军用要求。     

Extensive study on the design loads used for strength assessment of tanker and bulk carrier structures

ClassNK has undertaken wide-ranging basic research covering many aspects related to the safety of ship structures, including design loads, structural analysis, strength assessment of buckling, collapse, and fatigue, and rational corrosion margins to develop new design standards which have transparency and consistency. Among the wide-ranging basic research, this article summarizes the results of extensive work on the design loads used for strength assessments of tanker and bulk carrier structures. The main aim of the research was to develop practical estimation methods of design loads with rational technical backgrounds relating to the actual loads acting on the primary structural members of tankers and bulk carriers. During this study, we proposed the following methodology. Design sea states that closely resemble the actual sea states which are considered to be the most severe for hull structures. Find practical estimation methods for the design sea states by parametric studies using the results of series calculations on representative tankers and bulk carriers. Find practical estimation methods for design regular waves which will result in the same level of stresses as those induced in irregular waves under the design sea states. We also briefly introduced some practical estimation methods for the design loads, such as ship motions, accelerations, hull-girder bending moments, and hydrodynamic pressures that are induced under design regular waves. The findings in this study have been summarized and implemented in the new design standards for tanker and bulk carrier structures.Updated from the Japanese original which won the 2003 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2002; 191:195–207; 2002; 191:208–220; and 2002; 192:723–733)     

利用“有效风能”预报航道淤积

提出了"有效风能"概念;导出了"有效风能"与浪、沙、航道淤积之间的相关关系;得出了利用"有效风能"计算航道淤积的计算公式,并与黄骅港海区现场资料进行了验证和校核,效果良好。     

Why is the southwest the most productive region of the East Sea/Sea of Japan?

The East Sea/Sea of Japan is a moderately productive sea that supports a wealth of living marine resources. Of the East Sea subregions, the southwest has the highest productivity. Various authors have proposed coastal upwelling, the Tsushima Current, the Changjiang Dilute Water, eddies, or discharge from the Nagdong River as potential sources of additional nutrients. In this paper, we propose, using satellite data from 1998 to 2006, that the biological productivity of the southwestern region is enhanced mainly by wind-driven upwelling along the Korean coast. Firstly, the climatology of seasonal patterns suggests that the enhanced chlorophyll a along the Korean coast is of local origin. Secondly, coastal upwelling is frequent in all seasons except winter. For example, along the coast of the Ulgi region, enhanced chlorophyll a due to coastal upwelling was observed for 25–92% of the time between Jun and Sep in the period 1998–2006. Thirdly, the advection of upwelled water through various pathways to the deeper basin was observed. Fourthly, there appeared to be a strong correlation between the interannual chlorophyll a variations of the coastal upwelling regions and the Ulleung Basin. The chlorophyll a patterns of both regions were closely related to the wind pattern in the upwelling regions, but not to that in the Ulleung Basin. Finally, changes in advection pathways also appeared to affect the productivity of the Ulleung Basin. Since 2004, there has been a shift in the pathways of upwelled water, and consequent increases in chlorophyll a in the Ulleung Basin were observed. This last observation requires further investigation.     

基于风洞试验的变截面圆灯柱涡激振动与影响因素研究

为了研究某实桥变截面圆灯柱发生的风致二阶振动现象，采用多段薄壁空心铝管焊接并覆盖泡沫管和柔性PVC薄膜的方法，设计制作了满足相似比要求的变截面灯柱气弹模型，解决了低质量比、低阻尼比变截面细长结构风洞试验不便模拟的问题。通过风洞试验，采用非接触式视频测量位移系统和眼镜蛇探针测试了不同风速下灯柱位移响应和尾流风速，重现了灯柱的二阶振动现象，通过分析确定其为涡激振动；采用傅里叶变换和小波分析研究了变截面灯柱的涡脱频率和涡激振动时频特性；开展了不同焊缝位置对灯柱涡激振动影响研究，分析了3种不同螺旋线布置方式对灯柱涡激振动的抑制效果。研究结果表明：灯柱在涡激振动锁定区内发生单一模态的涡激振动，运动轨迹为清晰的椭圆形，而在锁定区外发生多模态振动；变截面灯柱中部存在一定长度的控制区域，当中部控制区域涡脱频率接近结构固有频率时即发生涡激振动锁定现象，当中部控制区域脱离锁定频率，此时圆柱的涡激振动响应迅速降低；灯柱涡激振动响应受焊缝的位置影响显著，不同的焊缝位置可能抑制或者增强涡激振动；8 cm螺距双螺旋线能够有效控制灯柱模型涡激振动响应。     

空气净化器风道的计算机仿真

在进行空气净化器风道结构的设计中,风道的结构形式对风量起着重要的影响。本文利用ICEPAK计算机仿真软件在设计阶段对空气净化器的风道进行模拟仿真,建立了风道的仿真模型及建模过程,仿真出风道进口处与出口处的空气流速的变化值,进一步研究离心风机的风量与滤层阻力、流量、流速的影响关系。通过实验比较,在不同滤器种类的情况下,验证了风阻对风量的影响大小,证明了空气净化器风道计算机仿真的正确性。