攻克生态脆弱、高寒缺氧难题采取的措施

青藏铁路建设领导小组副组长、铁道部党组副书记、副部长孙永福，去年在上海举办的中国重大工程成就展论坛上作演讲，他通过多媒体、深入浅出、直观生动地介绍了青藏铁路攻克“三大难题”采取的措施和取得的成就，受到了与会者的热烈欢迎，本刊今年第2期对录永福演讲的“攻克冻土难题”部分作了介绍，本期继续刊登“攻克生态脆弱和高寒缺氧难题”部分，并仍以图示介绍为主     

基于多描述编码的自恢复脆弱水印算法

兼顾水印嵌入容量和篡改恢复质量,基于多描述编码提出一种自适应图像内容的可恢复脆弱水印算法。该算法在图像块自适应分类的基础上,将图像块的DCT系数分为两个独立且互补的变长描述编码,每个描述能独立地近似恢复图像块的内容,两个描述编码一起得到的恢复质量更高。水印嵌入时,两个描述编码基于密钥随机嵌在不同图像块中,以提高算法在不同攻击下的篡改检测性能。被篡改图像块,只要有一个描述有效即可恢复该篡改块,若两个描述同时有效,可进一步提高篡改块的恢复质量,有效缓解了同步攻击与数据浪费之间的矛盾。实验结果证明,该算法不仅有效降低了生成的恢复水印容量,同时提高了不同攻击下的篡改检测性能和篡改恢复质量。     

基于混合域的双功能音频水印算法

本文提出一种基于混合域的双功能水印算法,能同时实现对数字音频的版权保护与内容认证。该算法根据水印的大小将原数字音频分段,对每一段进行多级DWT变换,并选取低频分量嵌入鲁棒水印,高频分量嵌入脆弱水印,检测时两种水印独立盲提取。仿真实验表明,此算法中的鲁棒水印信号在常见的音频信号处理中具有强鲁棒性,可用于音频版权保护;而脆弱水印信号不仅对常见的信号处理操作敏感,而且能对篡改区域进行较准确的定位。     

红外线电路和TDCS电路安全保障解决方案

轴温探测(以下简称红外线)、TDCS电路已经成为铁路专用通信中与行车调度电路同等重要的电路,其质量及安全性直接影响到行车及行车的安全。下面结合陇海线天兰段、包兰线兰干段实际情况,谈谈如何能更好地解决红外线、TDCS电路的安全保障问题。1电路现状陇海线天兰段、包兰线兰干段红外线电路及部分TDCS音频电路只有一条路由,没有形成保护环,组网结构不合理,安全性差。以天兰段为例,如图1所示,天水至陇西间共计6个站,12条红外线电路,如果干线传输中某点大通道中断或某点检修作业时,就可能造成此点后面的所有站的红外线电路及TDCS音频电路中断,影响行车安全,也影响通信设备及通道检修、测试和故障处理。故障定责为     

基于比值的小波域数字音频盲水印算法

针对一些水印算法存在的不足提出一种基于离散小波变换的适于版权保护的数字音频盲水印算法。算法对能量的概念作了新的定义,对其设计原理和过程作了理论分析和实验验证。算法实现时先分帧音频并对各帧作n级离散小波变换,然后计算n级小波系数近似分量前后两部分的能量比值,并放大;再将放大后的比值修改为奇数或者偶数以嵌入水印,最后按与嵌入时相同的比例缩小第n级小波系数近似分量的前半部分并作小波逆变换,得到水印音频。算法根据n级小波系数近似分量前后两部分能量放大后比值的奇偶性提取水印,实现水印的盲检测,提取水印不需原始音频。采用混沌加密水印信号,缩放因子也是密钥,算法安全性得到双重保护。仿真结果证明了算法的鲁棒性和不可感知性。     

Improved Sinusoid Analysis and Post-Processing in Parametric Audio Coding

This paper proposed improvements to the low bit rate parametric audio coder with sinusoid model as its kernel. Firstly, we propose a new method to effectively order and select the perceptually most important sinusoids. The sinusoid which contributes most to the reduction of overall NMR is chosen. Combined with our improved parametric psychoacoustic model and advanced peak riddling techniques, the number of sinusoids required can be greatly reduced and the coding efficiency can be greatly enhanced. A lightweight version is also given to reduce the amount of computation with only little sacrifice of performance. Secondly, we propose two enhancement techniques for sinusoid synthesis: bandwidth enhancement and line enhancement. With little overhead, the effective bandwidth can be extended one more octave ; the timbre tends to sound much brighter, thicker and more beautiful.     

远程多媒体监控技术的研究

论述了远程多媒体监控系统构建和软件设计技术，提出了解决网上视频和音频传输的技术方法和远程多媒体监控系统的解决方案，并给出了视频传输软件的实现例程。     

Audio Video Compression Stream Synthesis and Implementation

Multiplex of digital streams is one of the key technologies in audio-video communication, and determines audio-video quality. A design scheme for an MPEG2 compliant digital television system including audio-video encoding and multiplexing was implemented. The principles and elements of system layer stream synthesis were analyzed. The key technologies of video and audio PES packetization were discussed, such as stream structure,scheduling matching, audio-video synchronization, data flow and buffering. DSP and FPGA are combined to construct header information and packet structure. The substitution of traditional RAM or PLD results in high operational efficiency and saves memory space. A scheduling algorithm was introduced for PES coding, using the monitor information of PES buffers. DTS is generated by multiplexer to guarantee synchronization. The system is not only simple but also stable, and maintains synchronization constraints of the standard. It supports both analogy and digital audio-video source input, and provides real-time MPEG2 compliant TS/PS output. It has perfect performance and meets the national broadcasting requirements.