The visual impact of development in coastal zone areas

Abstract

The focus of this paper is theoretical, as well as methodological. It reviews previous studies of visual impact and reports research by the author on people's evaluation of the appropriateness of different man‐made facilities in different coastal‐area contexts and other environments. In this study, subjects were asked to react to slides developed through the use of landscape models and experimental facilities to simulate the appearance of a building in the landscape, while systematically varying the visual relatedness between the two. Specific interest centered on the variable of congruity vs. contrast between the appearance of the building and its landscape context, manipulated by co‐varying the attributes of color and size to create a five‐point scale of contrast/obtrusiveness. The hypothesis was that judgments of appropriateness, and to a lesser extent judgments of liking, would vary inversely with level of contrast. The role of two further variables, the functional significance of the building in its setting, and the character of the setting itself, was also investigated. The author reviews methodological issues involved where subjects respond to visual stimuli for purposes of judging change in visual quality. These methodological issues include: stimulus‐selection and problems of simulation, choice of response measures, and choice of respondents, and the treatment of individual differences. The author calls for development of standardized scales and indices such as “perceptually‐relevant environmental quality indicators.”     

高速动车组砂箱连接螺栓的强度评估

文章通过有限元方法模拟仿真高速动车组砂箱及其与车辆的连接，并根据车辆运行工况得出螺栓的各种连接载荷．再根据VDI2230标准对连接螺栓进行强度评估，以验证设计的合理性和可靠性。     

多平台间信息传输测试分析方法

文章根据电子信息系统的试验需求，结合工程实际，从具体应用人手，讲述一种多平台间信息传输性能测评方法，并对如何实现数据采集与记录、信息传输实时监测、系统性能分析等方面进行了详尽描述，该方法为多平台综合试验提供了有效的评估手段。     

浅论行动导向教学的过程性评价——以《商务英语交际》课程为例

行动导向教学倡导通过行动来学习和为了行动而学习,即"做中学"。传统的终结性评价已经不能适应行动导向教学法的需求,过程性评价应运而生。过程性评价采取目标与过程并重的价值取向,对学习的效果和过程进行全面的评价,对学生的学习质量水平做出判断,肯定成绩,找出问题,促进学生对学习的过程进行积极的反思,从而更好地把握学习方式方法。     

大型舰艇编队通信指挥决策方案效能评估

为了对大型舰艇编队通信指挥决策方案的效能进行评估,建立了一套通信指挥决策方案效能评估的指标体系,采用基于层次分析和模糊综合评判的方法对大型舰艇编队通信指挥决策方案的效能进行了评估.分析结果表明,该指标体系和评估方法能够快速直观地反映通信指挥决策方案在某一任务环境下的综合效能并对多个方案进行优选.     

Coastal erosion and sea level rise: Implications for ocean beach and San Francisco's westside transport project

Abstract

One of the consequences of sea level rise resulting from the greenhouse effect is increased coastal erosion. This article discusses a model of erosion that can be used to estimate the response of beaches to sea level rise. The model is applied to Ocean Beach, California, with particular attention to the consequences of accelerated erosion for the San Francisco Westside Sewer Transport. Results obtained show that erosion produced by accelerated sea level rise could cause substantial damage to the structure. Large expenditures on beach nourishment will be required to protect the transport and the recreational value of the beach.     

Incorporating human-factors in car-following models: A review of recent developments and research needs

Over the past decades there has been a considerable development in the modeling of car-following (CF) behavior as a result of research undertaken by both traffic engineers and traffic psychologists. While traffic engineers seek to understand the behavior of a traffic stream, traffic psychologists seek to describe the human abilities and errors involved in the driving process. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these two research streams.It is necessary to consider human-factors in CF modeling for a more realistic representation of CF behavior in complex driving situations (for example, in traffic breakdowns, crash-prone situations, and adverse weather conditions) to improve traffic safety and to better understand widely-reported puzzling traffic flow phenomena, such as capacity drop, stop-and-go oscillations, and traffic hysteresis. While there are some excellent reviews of CF models available in the literature, none of these specifically focuses on the human factors in these models.This paper addresses this gap by reviewing the available literature with a specific focus on the latest advances in car-following models from both the engineering and human behavior points of view. In so doing, it analyses the benefits and limitations of various models and highlights future research needs in the area.     

渔业船舶评估技术规范研究

着重围绕渔业船舶评估技术规范、评估特点、参数选取、范围界定、不确定影响因素及勘验评估等方面进行规范性的研究,为渔业船舶抵押贷款、海损事故、保险理算等价格评估的公正性和正确性提供科学的依据。     

张崇段沿线生态工程建设方案

对张崇段沿线的取土场生态环境进行评估和分析,结合不同的地理位置、环境、气候及植被等情况,提出合理的生态恢复建议,可供施工单位和建设单位参考.     

交通预测原则和预测模型评价方法

在总结已有研究成果的基础上,提出了交通预测应遵循的原则,并对交通预测评价方法和模型选择等问题进行了探讨,以期更好地指导交通实际预测工作。