水泥混凝土路面结构可靠性设计方法

按现行规范的设计准则，分析水泥混凝土路面结构设计中各种不确定性因素的构成以及对设备的影响，通过引入可靠度系数建立计入各种不确定性影响的水泥混凝土路面结构可靠性设计方法。     

发动机气门弹簧的可靠性分析和可靠度估算

本文论述了发动机气门弹簧可靠性分析的方法,特别是介绍了在只有弹簧动态应力的实验数据而缺乏材料疲劳性能有关数据时,对气门弹簧可靠度进行估算的方法。     

铁路路基地基处理极限状态法试设计分析

我国铁路工程地基处理技术目前还停留在容许应力法的设计阶段,这种方法在设计过程中计算简便,积累了多年的设计经验,已经形成了稳定可靠的设计体系。但容许应力法无法反应各种因素对路基安全的真实影响程度,存在一定的局限性,制约地基处理技术的发展与应用。随着现代化铁路的建设和科研水平的不断发展与进步,我国铁路行业编写了极限状态法设计暂行规范。通过运用两种不同设计方法,对实际工点进行复合地基承载力、复合地基工后沉降、整体稳定性计算,并对计算结果进行比较,提出两种设计方法的优缺点以及向极限状态法转变的可行性与必要性,为铁路路基极限状态法设计暂行规范中地基处理部分的修改完善提出相关建议。     

铁路货车可靠性试验方法及评价标准的研究

在中国铁道科学研究院环行试验基地进行的历时5年的提速货车120 km.h-1可靠性试验的基础上,结合运营线试验分析,提出铁路货车可靠性试验方法:参试车辆应具有代表性;试验线路应具有典型性,并设置一定的线路不平顺;试验里程为1至2个段修期;最高运行速度的试验里程不应低于总里程的60%。在分析测试结果、故障分布及车辆可靠性指标和铁路货车关键部件的疲劳特性的基础上,依据故障的严重程度和对车辆维修的影响,对故障进行分类与加权,计算货车的平均无故障时间和故障率,并进行评价;将落车时实测的静应力与运行中测得的动应力叠加并用Goodman方程转换,得出以对称循环表征的疲劳等效应力,结合对称循环概率疲劳等效应力和部件细节对称循环的概率应力—寿命曲线,通过Miner线性累积损伤法实现转向架关键部件疲劳寿命的可靠性预测。     

地铁智能运维平台的环网架构及其性能分析

为实现地铁运维平台的智能化,需要将分散在各个专业系统、各个站点的"数据孤岛"打通,实现数据共享和数据融合。本文针对智能运维平台的应用,提出了3种不同的基于ERPS协议的环网架构,分析并计算其可靠性水平;通过实验室测试,对比每种环网架构的收敛性能指标,给出3种环网架构在地铁建设中的适用场合。     

玻璃钢双体游艇结构可靠度设计

可靠度设计可以较为真实地反映结构安全状态，现已成为结构设计的重点方法之一。本文以一艘玻璃钢双体游艇为例，通过频域水动力分析确定其最危险航行工况，进而对研究对象进行结构应力分析与可靠度计算。在满足可靠度安全要求的基础上，通过改变艇体铺层厚度对双体游艇进行轻量化设计。设计结果显示轻量化效果达到29.1%，优化设计结果良好。该种基于可靠度的设计方法对复合材料船艇结构设计具有一定的参考价值。     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

微机联锁系统故障安全措施——容错技术

微机联锁是采用避错技术和容错技术来提高系统的可靠性，实现故障安全的。随着计算机技术的迅速发展，尤其是高可靠性技术及容错理论与技术的发展，微机联锁设备将广泛应用于铁路现场，正确认识、掌握这一理论对铁路事业有着重要的意义。     

汽车可靠性强化试验技术的探讨

随着我国汽车工业的飞速发展，汽车产品的可靠性及保证其可靠性的技术日益受到人们的重视。为了优化可靠性试验技术，文章通过分析现有试验方法及其分类差异，总结了各方法的优点和缺点，从探讨汽车可靠性试验方法的经济性、有效性角度出发，提出了改进汽车可靠性试验工作的意见及相应措施，有效地缩短了汽车设计周期，提高了产品设计质量。     

机车车辆继电器和接触器可靠性试验及其成本研究

传统的机车车辆电器可靠性概念局限于型式试验,脱离了可靠性的真正意义,没有量化的数据指标,认为提高机车车辆电器的可靠性,会大幅度增加产品成本,影响企业经济效益。分析铁路机车车辆电器可靠性研究的现状和必要性,介绍机车车辆继电器和接触器可靠性要求及试验方法,分析改进机车车辆电器可靠性成本和效益的关系。