潜水环境噪声数据库设计与开发

随着人类水下活动和实验行为的增多,越来越多的应用需要借助水声探测技术和水声通信技术,而在潜水环境中,环境噪声是以上技术的重要制约因素。因而,了解相应海域的环境噪声特性并建立环境噪声数据库,将有助于该海域的航运、测绘、通信等水声技术的应用与发展。本文针对以上需求,提出一种噪声建模方法,并根据该方法设计和研究相应的潜水环境噪声数据库。实验证明本文提出的方法具有一定的可行性。     

Enhancing stated preference surveys in transportation research: the contribution of geographic information systems

In this paper we argue that visualization, data management and computational capabilities of geographic information systems (GIS) can assist transportation stated preference research in capturing the contextual complexity of many transportation decision environments by providing respondents with maps and other spatial and non-spatial information in graphical form that enhance respondents' understanding of decision scenarios. We explore the multiple inherent contributions of GIS to transportation stated preference data collection and propose a framework for a GIS-based stated preference survey instrument. We also present the design concepts of two survey prototypes and their GIS implementation for a sample travel mode choice problem.     

Cycle commuting in Belgium: Spatial determinants and ‘re-cycling’ strategies

This paper attempts to explain the spatial variation of the use of a bicycle for commuting to work at the level of the 589 municipalities in Belgium. Regression techniques were used and special attention was paid to autocorrelation, heterogeneity and multicollinearity. Spatial lag models were used to correct for the presence of spatial dependence and a disaggregated modelling strategy was adopted for the northern and southern parts of the country. The results show that much of the inter-municipality variation in bicycle use is related to environmental aspects such as the relief, traffic volumes and cycling accidents. Town size, distance travelled and demographic aspects also have some effect. In addition, there are regional differences in the effects of the structural covariates on bicycle use: the impact of variables such as traffic volume and cycling accidents differs substantially between the north and the south of the country. This paper also suggests that high rates of bicycle use in one municipality stimulate cycling in neighbouring municipalities, and hence that a mass effect can be initiated, i.e. more cycle commuting encourages even more commuters in the area to cycle. These findings provide some recommendations for decision-makers wishing to promote a shift from car to bicycle use.     

高校图书馆航海类专业特色数据库调查分析

通过网络和电话访问，对国内17所本科高校图书馆航海类专业特色数据库的建设情况进行了调查，从数量、类型和内容进行了归类和分析。指出目前各校航海类专业特色数据建设存在的主要问题，从提高建设质量、提高资源利用率、走可持续发展之路3个方面，对高校图书馆航海类专业特色数据的建设提出了明确的对策和建议。     

Accessibility and transport infrastructure improvement assessment: The role of borders and multilateral resistance

The market potential indicator is a commonly used tool in transport planning for evaluating the potential economic effects derived from improvements in transport infrastructures. The general assumption is that exports from a given region will rise with increased accessibility, thus benefiting economic activities. However, the specification of the market potential model is typically very simple and ignores both the impact of competing rivals and the role of international borders, which leads to unrealistic results. Spatial interaction models on bilateral trade have already proved that international trade is affected by multilateral resistance, borders, adjacency, language or currency. Nevertheless, apart from some recent analyses that simply calibrate the distance decay parameter from trade datasets, these variables have hardly been integrated into research on market potential. This paper sets out to demonstrate that more realistic results are obtained by calibrating the distance-decay parameter and introducing the impact of competing rivals and border effects into the market potential formulation. The proposed model is then applied to the assessment of the accessibility impacts of new road transport infrastructure in the European Union between 2001 and 2012, which shows that the greatest improvements in accessibility were experienced by peripheral countries with high road infrastructure investment.     

PDM在客车制造业中的应用

通过PDM在丹东黄海汽车有限责任公司前期实施的实际经验，从而阐述了PDM在客车制造业中的应用。     

桥梁工程设计数据库管理系统的研究

基于关系数据库理论的观点，结合工程的实际需要，研究开发了“桥梁工程设计数据库管理系统”。本文讨论了系统分析、数据模型选择、系统的总体设计、一般应用模块、高级应用模块以及系统软件实现等有关的技术问题。     

基于成组技术的汽车冲压件工艺设计系统

介绍了基于成组技术的汽车冲压件工艺设计系统的组成和设计方法。应用数据库原理,建立了工艺数据库及其管理系统。应用成组技术对零件进行分类,建立了零件特征信息编码,开发了汽车冲压件工艺设计系统。     

钢筋混凝土空间梁单元截面刚度计算的Cranston方法应用探讨

研究了用空间杆系有限元进行钢筋混凝土结构空间弹塑性极限承载力分析中求截面弹塑性刚度的Cranston方法。通过理论分析,指出了已有方法在Cranston迭代收敛后求截面刚度的缺陷或不明确之处,提出了用有效截面的换算截面重心及数值积分求截面刚度时,均应采用微元切线模量的观点。在自编程序中采用不同模量对同一试验进行了全过程分析,有限元分析结果与试验结果对比,证明了该方法的正确性,可以用于大跨度钢筋混凝土结构的极限承载力分析。     

The impacts of changing flight demands and throughput performance on airport delays through the Great Recession

Several significant events between 2007 and 2009 impacted flight demands and the abilities of the three major New York area airports to handle demand. This paper assesses the results of applying a probabilistic simulation method – which isolates the individual contributions of changes in flight demand and changes in airport throughput performance to changes in flight delays – to diagnose how these different events may have caused operational changes at these airports, and in turn, how the results may be used to inform policies for appropriate countermeasures. The analysis revealed two key observations. Firstly, certain patterns in throughput performance shifts caused the most significant delays, and were more likely to have been caused by controller staffing issues rather than caps. Secondly, relatively constant average delays from one year to the next may result from significant demand drops accompanied by large throughput performance degradations at an airport. This suggests that not only operational limitations on capacity encourage airlines to reduce schedules, but that changed demands can also impact throughput performance. Overall, the analysis indicates that caps may not have provided their fully intended delay benefits. Although they successfully reduced overall flight demands at LGA and JFK, they also directly limited throughput performance at critical times, in turn limiting delay benefits. In addition, demands at the busiest times of the day appear to be relatively inelastic to these operational limitations, insofar as demand profiles at EWR and JFK remained “peaky” in 2008 and 2009. Also, the recession was largely responsible for reducing demands at the airports in 2009, but the delay benefits of this were dampened by a corresponding throughput performance degradation. Based on the above observations, a more direct demand management policy combined with policies that focus on maintaining high staffing capabilities at critical times of the day may be considered, to reduce the likelihood of major queue formation on days that do experience sustained demands. The results also suggest that a more flexible caps system, particularly during times of heavy queues, could be explored. Although airport practitioners have keen understandings of how their airports operate, without the support of quantitative analysis tools, it can be more difficult to argue the need for appropriate countermeasures. An analysis such as the one presented here can provide the detailed quantitative substantiation required to build cases for these targeted policy directives and infrastructure investments.