展望燃料电池电动车

本文在职回顾蓄电池电动车的发展简史之后,分析和判断来自各方面的信息,从技术上的可行性、氢原料选择、市场准入、政府政策、电动机及其控制系统等各个角度进行综合考虑,认为最具有发展前景的当属质子交换膜燃料电池电动车。     

Vehicle aesthetics and their impact on the pedestrian environment

Cars are designed to appeal to the buyer’s self-image, many of them evoking an impression of speed and power. Such an impression conflicts both with the aesthetic language of suburban architecture, and the needs of pedestrians. The research described in this report was conceived as a preliminary investigation of how members of the public view the aesthetic impact of cars in the residential street environment, particularly from the pedestrian’s point of view. The results suggested that people use two distinct sets of criteria when evaluating the motor car and the residential environment in visual terms. When asked to ‘match’ different models of car with different street scenes, respondents avoided referring to abstract visual qualities such as shape, colour and texture, but concentrated instead on the owners: the imagined driver and the imagined householder. The problem of visual harmony was reduced to one of social and cultural harmony. Could the imagined householder be expected to drive this or that car? However, SUVs were singled out as visually intrusive because they blocked the pedestrian’s view. Members of one of the groups, boys aged 11–12, found it difficult to visualise the impact of cars on pedestrians at all, or even to question vehicle design from the pedestrian’s point of view. They just wanted to be in the driving seat.     

Electric vehicle park-charge-ride programs: A planning framework and case study in Chicago

In suburban areas, combining the use of electric vehicles (EV) and transit systems in an EV Park-Charge-Ride (PCR) approach can potentially help improve transit accessibility, facilitate EV charging and adoption, and reduce the need for long-distance driving and ensuing impacts. Despite the anticipated growth of EV adoption and charging demand, PCR programs are limited. With a focus on multi-modal trips, this study proposes a generic planning process that integrates EV infrastructure development with transit systems, develops a systematic assessment approach to fostering the PCR adoption, and illustrates a case implementation in Chicago. Specifically, this study develops a Suitability Index (SI) for EV charging locations at parking spots that are suitable for both EV charging and transit connections. SI can be customized for short-term and long-term planning scenarios. SI values are derived in Chicago as an example for (1) commuter rail stations (for work trips), and (2) shopping centers near transit stops as potential opportunities for additional weekday parking and EV charging (for multi-purpose trips/MPT). Furthermore, carbon emissions and vehicle miles travelled (VMT) across various travel modes and trip scenarios (i.e., work trips and MPT) are calculated. Compared to the baseline of driving a conventional vehicle, this study found that an EV PCR commuter can reduce up to 87% of personal VMT and 52% of carbon emissions. A more active role of the public sector in the PCR program development is recommended.     

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主要通过运用敏感性分析、博弈比较的方法,对电动汽车实际运营过程中息息相关的充电电价进行了量化分析。首先采用相关研究资料,从充电站运营商、电动汽车使用者和电力供应商三方面分别给出敏感性分析模型,从中寻求与充电电价相关的主要因素。然后通过博弈分析比较,对政府、使用者和充电方共同形成的三方博弈分别进行比较分析,均衡三方各自利益取向,给出了三方均可接受的充电电价浮动区间,从而为电动汽车的推广提供一定的决策参考依据。     

军用越野汽车采用中央充放气系统

本文对军用越野汽车采用中央充放气系统进行了详尽的分析及计算,本系统采用电、气联合控制的方法实现对轮胎气压的控制和调节,将轮胎内气压调整到所需的范围内。本文主要介绍该系统的工作原理、主要结构及针对军用越野汽车的匹配性计算。     

多自主水下航行器编队控制技术研究

对多自主水下航行器编队任务进行了概述,针对编队问题和目前常用的编队方法,提出了基于领航者法的分层式编队控制技术,将人工势场法引入到编队控制行为中,提高了AUVs编队的协调性与协作性,增强了编队体系的环境自适应能力.最后,通过仿真实现了多种编队案例,验证了算法的合理性和实用性.     

电动汽车常用牵引电动机

本文简要介绍电动汽车常用牵引电动机的种类、结构、工作原理、特点以及控制系统。     

车用电池箱液冷系统仿真设计

电池包的热管理系统是电动汽车和混合动力安全有效行驶过程中必不可少的辅助系统。本文分析电池工作环境,总结了其设计要求,以某新能源科技有限公司生产的高性能镍氢动力电容电池-NMCH300S为例,运用三维建模软件设计出了电池包的机械结构,并利用有限元ANSYS软件计算出危险点位置,用第四强度理论校核了最危险点强度满足设计要求,使仿真设计起到减少试加工成本的作用。     

Cost-benefit analysis of alternative vehicles in the Philippines using immediate and distant future scenarios

Alternative vehicle technologies promise a sustainable future by reducing carbon emissions and pollution. However, their widespread adoption tends to be slow due to high costs and uncertainties in benefits. Using a life cycle-based approach, this study calculates ownership savings and societal benefits for various alternative vehicle technologies against their baseline vehicle technology (e.g. gasoline or diesel). The assessment is performed from a developing country context – in the Philippines. Furthermore, immediate and distant future scenarios are modeled. The immediate future scenario assesses costs and benefits if the shift is to happen now, while the distant future scenario considers the effect of widespread autonomous driving and ridesharing. The results of the study echo the significant societal benefits from electric- and fuel cell-powered vehicles found in literature, but they are hindered by high ownership costs. In the immediate future, the diesel hybrid electric vehicle can potentially have both positive societal and operational costs for public transportation. For a gasoline-powered private passenger car, a simple shift to diesel, 20% biodiesel or 85% methanol can be beneficial. In the distant future, it is expected that autonomous, rideshared vehicles can potentially lure people away from driving their own vehicles, because of lower costs per passenger-kilometer while sustaining the privacy and comfort of a private car.     

从机动车限行实践看效果和风险

北京从2008年奥运会后就开始实施机动车尾号限行措施,至今已经进入第三轮,最新一轮政策有效期至2012年4月10日;广州亚运会期间也实施了机动车单双号限行。从社会、经济、交通等多个角度对机动车限行实施效果和风险进行分析,可供制定相关交通管理政策时参考。