预应力混凝土先简支后连续梁静、动力试验研究

简要介绍预应力混凝土先简支后连续梁1∶5模型设计、试验方法。根据弹性试验、开裂试验和破坏试验结果,研究分析该类结构的工艺特点、正常使用荷载作用下结构受力变形特征、结构特别是湿接缝截面的抗裂性、开裂区域裂缝发展分布规律以及结构极限承载力。在对模型梁体系转换前、后和先简支后连续梁破坏前、后动力测试与理论分析的基础上,校核模型梁的刚度、制作精度,最后初步探讨了先简支后连续梁的动力性能。     

无铅阴极电泳涂料的应用试验

为满足日益严格的环保法规和适应人类社会和谐、可持续发展的要求，开展了用无铅阴极电泳涂料LB-20LF置换含铅阴极电泳涂料HB-2000LB的试验工作。介绍了LB-20LF涂料的主要技术特征、试验室小试情况和结果，以此为基础，在生产线上成功实现了由HB-2000LB向LB-20LF的过渡和转换。还简要介绍了有关的、其他方面的如设备、工艺参数管理的改进等。试验结果表明，使用LB-20LF可提高涂膜的光泽和膜厚均匀性、改善了工件袋部的涂覆状况，可全面提高车体电泳涂层的质量。     

振荡压实对桥梁结构物的影响研究

振荡压实是利用在材料厂中产生的快速交变剪应力使材料的颗粒重新排列而变得更加密实。通过振荡压实与振动压实对桥梁结构的振动的对比试验，分析了这2种作业方式对桥梁结构物的影响．论证了振荡压路机在桥梁压实中的优越性。     

Strava Metro data for bicycle monitoring: a literature review

ABSTRACT

Monitoring bicycle trips is no longer limited to traditional sources, such as travel surveys and counts. Strava, a popular fitness tracker, continuously collects human movement trajectories, and its commercial data service, Strava Metro, has enriched bicycle research opportunities over the last five years. Accrued knowledge from colleagues who have already utilised Strava Metro data can be valuable for those seeking expanded monitoring options. To convey such knowledge, this paper synthesises a data overview, extensive literature review on how the data have been applied to deal with drivers’ bicycle-related issues, and implications for future work. The review results indicate that Strava Metro data have the potential—although finite—to be used to identify various travel patterns, estimate travel demand, analyse route choice, control for exposure in crash models, and assess air pollution exposure. However, several challenges, such as the under-representativeness of the general population, bias towards and away from certain groups, and lack of demographic and trip details at the individual level, prevent researchers from depending entirely on the new data source. Cross-use with other sources and validation of reliability with official data could enhance the potentiality.     

多车道高速公路出口开口段安全特性分析

为研究不同断面形式下的多车道高速公路出口影响区开口长度及流量与交通安全的关系，针对2种断面形式的高速公路出口，分别设计了3种不同的开口长度，结合3种不同流量条件设计了18个不同的驾驶模拟场景。实验招募30名被试者开展模拟驾驶实验，提取不同开口长度及流量条件下各断面形式高速公路出口的车辆行驶轨迹、换道间隙的选择、减速度、最小 TTC (Time to Collision)等驾驶行为特性参数，综合分析基于驾驶行为数据对不同开口长度的行车风险。结果表明：两种断面形式下，开口长度对于车辆在开口段上的换道点选择存在显著影响；两种断面形式下，1500 m的开口长度能够满足绝大多数驾驶人的换道需求；在换道间隙选择中，大都集中在5~6 s，分离式断面下的开口长度对于低于临界间隙的换道间隙出现的频次具有显著影响；流量及开口长度对于最大减速度及TTC最小值和分布位置均不存在显著性影响，但分离式断面下的最大减速度和最小TTC相较于整体式断面更小；此外，整体式断面中内侧3车道的行车风险低于分离式断面，分离式断面中外侧车道的行车风险低于整体式断面。     

西南红层软岩地区铁路滑坡形成机理分析及治理措施

红层软岩地区铁路工程建设中滑坡问题突出。本文结合西南地区一铁路红层滑坡治理工程,利用该地区红层滑坡的现场调查结果,从红层软岩特性、地层岩性、地质地貌、水文地质条件、深孔位移监测数据等多方面对该地区铁路滑坡形成机理进行分析,并论述红层滑坡与一般滑坡的不同点,分析红层软岩岩体力学特性、地层主要成分以及红层软岩中的粉砂质泥岩在不同风化程度下的力学特性。根据分析结果提出治理措施,并对治理措施进行评价。总结得出地层岩性、地质水文、人为因素是导致红层滑坡病害发生的主要因素。     

迎浪规则波中小水线面双体船纵向运动及波浪载荷非线性特性数值分析

基于RANS方程和VOF模型求解船体粘性兴波流场,开展了小水线面双体船(Small Waterplane Area Twin Hulls,SWATH)迎浪规则波中纵向运动及波浪载荷的非线性特性研究.通过数值计算结果与模型试验结果的对比分析,验证了文中方法的有效性;在此基础上,较为系统地分析了SWATH船的垂荡及纵摇运动响应、垂向加速度和波浪载荷的一阶及二阶量随入射波高的变化规律,指出SWATH船的运动响应及载荷与波高存在非线性的关系,尤其体现在响应共振区附近;相比于船体垂荡和纵摇运动,垂向加速度及波浪载荷的非线性特性更为显著.     

Changes in fuel economy: An analysis of the Spanish car market

This paper estimates the role that technological change and car characteristics have played in the rate of fuel consumption of vehicles over time. Using data from the Spanish car market from 1988 to 2013, we estimate a reduced form equation that relates fuel consumption with a set of car characteristics. The results for the sales-weighted sample of vehicles show that energy efficiency would have improved by 30% and 42% for petrol and diesel cars respectively had car characteristics been held constant at 1988 values. However, the shift to bigger and more fuel-consuming cars reduced the gains from technological progress. Additionally, using the results of the fuel equation we show that, besides a natural growth rate of 1.1%, technological progress is affected by both the international price of oil and the adoption of mandatory emission standards. Moreover, according to our estimations, a 1% growth in GDP would modify car characteristics in such a way that fuel consumption would increase by around 0.23% for petrol cars and 0.35% for diesel cars.     

海流能轮机叶片翼型的水动力学特性模拟

基于卧式海流能发电装置,采用雷诺平均N-S方程,对来流攻角从0°~26°情形下的叶片翼型进行数值模拟,分析比较不同攻角下水动力学特性的变化规律。结果表明:一定范围内增加攻角可有效提高升阻比,但升力系数最大时,升阻比、水翼捕能效率不一定最高,失速角也不一定是最佳攻角,验证了水翼失速的根本原因是边界层的分离;水翼吸力面与压力面的压差较大,此压差为水翼提供较高的升力系数,主要来自于水翼的前半部。此外,还分析了水翼周围流场的速度分布、压力分布等水动力特性与攻角的关系,为设计高效的海流能转换叶片提供了理论参考。     

Driving cycle prediction model based on bus route features

Bus fuel economy is deeply influenced by the driving cycles, which vary for different route conditions. Buses optimized for a standard driving cycle are not necessarily suitable for actual driving conditions, and, therefore, it is critical to predict the driving cycles based on the route conditions. To conveniently predict representative driving cycles of special bus routes, this paper proposed a prediction model based on bus route features, which supports bus optimization. The relations between 27 inter-station characteristics and bus fuel economy were analyzed. According to the analysis, five inter-station route characteristics were abstracted to represent the bus route features, and four inter-station driving characteristics were abstracted to represent the driving cycle features between bus stations. Inter-station driving characteristic equations were established based on the multiple linear regression, reflecting the linear relationships between the five inter-station route characteristics and the four inter-station driving characteristics. Using kinematic segment classification, a basic driving cycle database was established, including 4704 different transmission matrices. Based on the inter-station driving characteristic equations and the basic driving cycle database, the driving cycle prediction model was developed, generating drive cycles by the iterative Markov chain for the assigned bus lines. The model was finally validated by more than 2 years of acquired data. The experimental results show that the predicted driving cycle is consistent with the historical average velocity profile, and the prediction similarity is 78.69%. The proposed model can be an effective way for the driving cycle prediction of bus routes.