挂篮底模纵梁受力简化计算方法及承重分配系数

以一桥梁施工工程实例为依托,采用有限元软件ANSYS对桥梁悬臂施工中使用的菱形挂篮进行仿真分析.提出3种简化模式计算底模纵梁的承重分配,对比发现将底模纵梁承受的外荷载简化为集中荷载,并分配至挂篮下前后横梁的方法是最优简化计算方法.在此基础上对挂篮底模纵梁承重分配系数进行优化,从而简化了繁琐的挂篮底模纵梁受力分析计算,保证了挂篮结构设计和施工的安全.     

Tuning of transfer functions for analysis of wave–ship interactions

Transfer functions are often used together with a wave spectrum for analysis of wave–ship interactions, where one application addresses the prediction of wave-induced motions or other types of global responses. This paper presents a simple and practical method which can be used to tune the transfer function of such responses to facilitate improved prediction capability. The input to the method consists of a measured response, i.e. time series sequences from a given sensor, the 2D wave spectrum characterising the seaway in which the measurements are taken, and an initial estimate of the transfer function for the response in study. The paper presents results obtained using data from an in-service container ship. The 2D wave spectra are taken from the ERA5 database, while the transfer function is computed by a simple closed-form expression. The paper shows that the application of the tuned transfer function leads to predictions which are significantly improved compared to using the transfer function without tuning.     

波浪作用下斜坡式护岸反射系数试验

通过物理模型试验,研究在不规则波作用下,斜坡坡度、波陡、扭王字块体的摆放方式对反射系数的影响,并将实测的反射系数与Seeling公式、Sutherland公式和Van der Meer公式的计算值进行比较。结果表明斜坡坡度与反射系数成正比,波陡与反射系数成反比,扭王字块体的摆放方式对反射系数的影响不大,试验值普遍比3种公式的计算值要大,其中试验值与Seeling公式的计算值相差较小。     

桩-土-承台相互作用的有限元简化模型

针对低桩承台结构计算中往往只考虑桩土作用,忽视承台与土相互作用的问题,通过工程实例,建立考虑桩-土-承台相互作用的低桩承台有限元简化模型,分析桩间土的承载作用对承台和桩内力的影响。结果表明:在简化模型中考虑桩间土的承载作用后,承台弯矩和桩基轴力可减少35%～40%;桩身弯矩和剪力主要受水平力和土体m值影响;桩基轴力随地基土基床系数的增大而逐渐减小,但减幅逐渐趋缓。     

大丰港海域挟沙力关系式分析及应用

基于大丰港附近海域实测水文泥沙资料,对目前国内应用较为广泛的5种挟沙力关系式在大丰港附近海域进行应用计算,在此基础上,采用集中系数法和偏离系数法对计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明:河口水流挟沙力公式能较好地反映大丰港海域的水流挟沙情况,并拟合得到适用于大丰港海域的挟沙力关系式,将该公式应用于大丰港实际围垦工程中,通过建立二维水动力泥沙数学模型,计算得到的围垦后垦区海域年冲淤变化趋势,与数值模拟结果基本相同,表明该公式在大丰港海域具有良好的适用性。     

单向和多向不规则波作用下港域波浪数值研究

采用MIKE-BW模型对TEMA港内波浪场进行数值模拟和验证,二者吻合良好。在此基础上对比分析单向和多向不规则波作用下港内波浪条件,以及随入射波向和谱峰周期的变化规律。结果表明:在以绕射为主的模型中,多向波扰动系数大于单向波,此时采用多向波更加安全合理,并且在模型计算中,不可忽视地形变化对港域波高分布的影响;在模型边界反射较强的模型中,单向波扰动系数可能大于多向波扰动系数,此时采用单向波会更加安全。     

舰船加筋板局部强度评估中的总纵应力折减系数研究

舰船加强筋尺寸的合理确定一直是结构设计中的热点问题。本文综合考虑总纵弯曲应力和局部载荷的相互作用,研究加强筋的许用应力折减系数(C_s)的影响因素与合理取值方法。通过分析加强筋的力学模型、对比不同规范中的C_s取值,以及用非线性有限元软件Abaqus计算一系列加筋板模型,拟合C_s曲线并与规范对比,并验证剖面对称性和局部载荷作用方向对C_s取值的影响方式,丰富了舰船局部强度校核方法的技术背景,为板架设计、舰船三维局部校核程序开发提供借鉴。     

考虑湖盆摩阻效应的川藏铁路冰碛堰塞湖地震涌浪及溃决风险分析

川藏铁路沿线存在着众多冰碛堰塞湖,且大部分位于高烈度地震区,堰塞湖溃决洪水成为对线路方案起控制作用的灾害类型,而地震涌浪是导致冰湖溃决的主要诱因之一。目前湖泊地震涌浪计算公式一般忽略湖盆的摩阻效应,对水深较浅且糙率大的冰碛堰塞湖而言,计算值偏小。鉴此,通过开展不同水深、不同地震峰值加速度、不同糙率的振动台造波模型实验,研究湖盆摩阻效应对地震涌浪的影响。根据实验结果,建立考虑摩阻效应的地震涌浪计算公式,并利用漫溢型溃决临界水文条件提出了冰湖溃决判据;最后以川藏铁路帕隆藏布流域为例进行应用说明,从而建立一种与选线原则方案确定阶段精度要求相匹配的冰碛堰塞湖地震涌浪溃决风险评估方法。本文公式考虑湖盆摩阻效应,适用于水深较浅的冰碛堰塞湖,尤其是在大震强震情况下,其计算结果偏安全。     

Modeling free-flow speed according to different water depths—From the viewpoint of dynamic hydraulic pressure

In this paper, we propose a method of modeling free flow speed from the viewpoint of hydroplaning. First, the lift forces for different water depths were estimated using Bernoulli’s equation. Compared with the result of the experimental test performed by the Japan Automobile Research Institute, the hydrodynamic pressure coefficient was determined to be 0.03 (tf s²/m⁴). The validation of the predicted lift force is found in another published paper. A very good match is found between the computed values by the proposed numerical model and the data in other published papers. Then, the loss of contact force is considered to evaluate the hydroplaning performance of a tire. To simulate the hydroplaning speed, a tire-sliding model was utilized to obtain the traction and friction forces between the road surface and the tire. The observation data obtained in Japan in 2009 is compared with the physically computed hydroplaning speed, yielding the conclusion that the traction force at the measured desired speed is, on average, 23.4% of the traction force at hydroplaning speed. The analytical model offers a useful tool to quantitatively show that the free flow speed changes as the water depth increase.     

双月池对某援潜救生船运动性能及波面升高的影响

介绍某援潜救生船配设双月池的船型特点,规划双月池和不带月池2种方案来评估双月池开口对援潜救生船船体运动性能的影响。采用三维势流理论对2个方案的运动性能进行计算,得到船体运动响应函数,对船舶运动性能进行短期预报,研究总结双月池效应对援潜救生船运动的影响规律。对比双月池内水面和舷外波面升高的情况,比较两个位置处波面升高的差异性,总结双月池波面升高对潜水钟收放的影响。