半透空沉箱式防波堤的消波性能试验研究

提出一种新型防波堤——半透空沉箱式防波堤。在玻璃水槽中进行系列水工模型试验,量测在不同波高、周期波浪作用下,半透空沉箱防波堤前后的波浪特征参数,分析半透空沉箱防波堤对不同特征波浪的反射率,波浪周期与波浪尖锐度之关系。探讨该防波堤结构的消波原理与性能,根据试验分析结果,选出最优的透空率及内置斜坡坡度,试验结论可为开敞式港区码头的防波消波方案设计与规划提供一种新思路。     

Consumer preferences for battery electric vehicles: A choice experimental survey in China

To accelerate the diffusion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), consumer preferences for different products and policy attributes must be determined. Although previous studies have investigated consumer preferences for some product attributes, including purchase price, operation cost, driving range, and charging time, limited studies have discussed the broader aspects of product attributes, such as battery warranty and depreciation rate. Moreover, market-oriented incentives, including the personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme and the tradable driving credits (TDC) scheme, can theoretically be effective alternatives to expensive purchase subsidies. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence that confirms the influence of these two schemes on BEV adoption. To fill these gaps, we conducted a stated preference choice experimental survey in China and investigated the effect of product attributes, existing policy incentives, and two emerging market-oriented incentives on BEV adoption. Our results reveal that along with the main product attributes, battery warranty has a significant positive effect on inducing mainstream consumers to adopt BEVs while no preference difference occurs among existing policy incentives after purchase subsidies are abolished. For young consumers, almost all incentives that reduce the operation cost (e.g., PCT) or increase convenience (e.g., TDC) can increase their adoption of BEVs. These findings can provide important implications for the government with regard to designing novel incentives and promoting BEV adoption.     

气田集输管道钢材的选择

针对某气田的气质条件,对气田集输管道材料选择进行了专题研究。分析CO2和Cl-的腐蚀机理,选取了碳钢、不锈钢及双相不锈钢材料进行了气体集输管道腐蚀环境耐蚀模拟试验。实验结果表明：碳钢平均腐蚀速率最快,双相不锈钢腐蚀速率最慢。选取了4种不锈钢进行耐点蚀性能试验与评价。结果显示：马氏体不锈钢2Cr13抗点腐蚀能力最差,25Cr双相不锈钢因其抗点蚀、坑蚀能力强,适宜于某气质腐蚀环境。最后,分别从防腐效果和经济角度论证了采用25Cr双相不锈钢作为内部集输管线的材料优于碳钢＋缓蚀剂。     

一种舰船低频电磁干扰的整改方法与试验研究

为解决声呐系统的低频电磁干扰故障,基于电磁干扰三要素中的辐射耦合路径,提出了一种采用坡莫合金与波纹管相结合的电磁屏蔽整改方法。首先分析了电磁干扰的形成机制以及舰船平台上的常见类型,采用对比试验与电磁环境测试,掌握了此次电磁干扰的耦合路径;通过电磁屏蔽试验以及试验改进,验证了整改方法的可行性。在舰船上实施改进的整改方法,测试结果证明了该方法的有效性,解决了声呐系统的低频电磁干扰故障。     

逐日路径演化中出行者信息偏好的实验分析

在逐日出行过程中,出行者对各类信息的偏好是一个动态变化的过程,不同出行者对同类信息的偏好也不同.本研究搭建不同信息条件下逐日路径选择实验场景,用信息偏好系数表征不同类别信息对出行者感知时间影响的相对权重,研究出行者信息偏好的演化规律与分布特征.实验结果表明,出行个体信息偏好的演化存在3种类型,出行群体对感知时间的信息偏好系数先震荡增加后逐步稳定,出行个体对感知时间的信息偏好系数在出行群体中成正态分布.与只提供完全历史信息相比,同时提供基于指数平滑法的系统预测信息会降低出行者对感知时间的偏好.     

复杂外形潜水器的动力学建模

为建立复杂外形潜水器精确的动力学模型,并基于模型设计控制算法,本文以DOE HD2+2无人遥控潜水器(ROV)为对象,应用计算流体力学(CFD)粘流方法与面元法预测水动力系数.为提高计算速度,在保证计算精度的前提下,采用多面体网格,进行网格优化,减少了流体域的网格总数.由于ROV几何外形不对称,基于最小二乘法分段拟合了阻尼力/力矩与速度的曲线,建立了耦合的阻尼矩阵和附加质量矩阵.最后,基于CFD计算的水动力系数建立了Matlab Simulink动力学仿真模型,并通过水池操控实验对所建动力学模型进行了有效性验证.     

Electric vehicles and residential parking in an urban environment: Results from a stated preference experiment

This paper presents the results of a preference survey of 1545 respondents’ willingness to purchase electric vehicles (EVs) in Philadelphia. We pay particular attention to respondents’ willingness to pay for convenient charging systems and parking spaces. If the value of dedicated parking substantially outweighs the value of convenient charging systems, residential-based on-street charging systems are unlikely to ever be politically palatable. As expected, respondents are generally willing to pay for longer range, shorter charging times, lower operating costs, and shorter parking search times. For a typical respondent, a $100 per month parking charge decreases the odds of purchasing an EV by around 65%. Across mixed logit and latent class models, we find substantial variation in the willingness to pay for EV range, charge time, and ease of parking. Of note, we find two primary classes of respondents with substantially different EV preferences. The first class tends to live in multifamily housing units in central parts of the city and puts a high value on parking search time and the availability of on-street charging stations. The second class, whose members are likelier to be married, wealthy, conservative, and residing in single-family homes in more distant neighborhoods, are willing to pay more for EV range and charge time, but less for parking than the first group. They are also much likelier to consider purchasing EVs at all. We recommend that future research into EV adoption incorporate neighborhood-level features, like parking availability and average trip distances, which vary by neighborhood and almost certainly influence EV adoption.     

平顺抛石护岸水毁模式及机理

平顺抛石护岸工程在长江中下游应用较为广泛,能够增强堤岸的抗洪能力,保障沿江城乡防洪安全或控制有利河势。然而,护岸块石常常发生滑落导致抛石护岸破坏。针对抛石护岸的水毁破坏问题,进行了抛石护岸实际水毁情况调研及水槽试验研究,认为平顺抛石护岸水毁主要表现为护岸块石的流失、滑落以及岸坡变形,导致坡面土体裸露,提出了抛石护岸的3种水毁破坏模式并分析了相应的破坏机理。     

基于NOVA的多孔材料吸声性能分析及优化

三聚氰胺泡沫是一种性能优良的多孔吸声材料.利用NOVA软件对三聚氰胺泡沫的吸声特性进行分析.首先将数值计算得到的多孔材料吸声系数与实测值比较,证明NOVA的预报结果具有可靠性.接着,分析了3种常见多孔材料的吸声系数曲线.最后,以材料厚度、密度、孔隙率和背面空腔厚度4个参数为因素,每个因素取4个水平,选用L16(45)正交表进行正交试验,找到了使材料平均吸声系数最高的因素水平组合,并通过方差分析发现,材料厚度和背后空腔厚度是影响三聚氰胺泡沫吸声性能的主要因素.     

圆形隧道施工对不同深度地层沉降影响的模型试验研究

为了预测圆形隧道施工引起地表以下不同埋深地层沉降特征,首先,通过理论推导不同地层最大沉降位移与沉降槽宽度系数的函数关系;然后,建立包括试验台架、地层模型、圆形隧道开挖模型以及测量地层变形装置的平面应变模型试验系统。通过理论解析和模型试验可知:1)地表以下地层的最大沉降位移与沉降槽宽度系数成反比;2)不同深度地层的沉降位移随着地层埋深的增加而增大,且地表以下地层沉降槽曲线仍然符合正态分布;3)通过对模型试验数据进行回归分析,得到黏土地表以下不同深度地层沉降槽宽度系数的计算公式,从而为预测圆形隧道施工地表以下不同深度地层竖向位移提供了一种可靠的计算方法。