船舶烧伤病房气流组织分析与优化

针对舰船舱室气流组织的形式特点,以烧伤病房作为研究对象建立数学模型,通过使用Airpak软件对烧伤病房不同设计方案下的气流组织进行了计算仿真,通过舱室温湿度,空气流速,热舒适指标等参数的对比,获得舱室的压力、温度、速度、热舒适性指标等的分布特性,对烧伤病房气流组织进行了分析并提出了优化方法,可以有效提高人员的舒适性和气流组织效果。     

液化天然气B型独立液货舱结构低周疲劳研究

基于某B型独立液货舱为研究对象,开展液化天然气(LNG)船码头装卸货工况下的结构应力和温度场热应力分析,重点针对液货舱水平强框处连接节点计算其因装卸货受力和温度变化所引起的疲劳累积损伤。研究结果表明,部分研究疲劳节点由装卸货产生的低周疲劳损伤在整个结构疲劳累积损伤中的占比较大,对结构疲劳损伤起主导作用,需要在液货舱疲劳强度分析中予以重点关注。因此,对此类B型独立液货舱进行结构设计必须考虑低周疲劳的影响。     

基于有限元的尼龙板热膨胀性能分析

尼龙材料由于其良好的机械性能及热性能而被广泛应用于各种生产领域,了解掌握尼龙板材在不同温度环境下的热膨胀变形对于设备的维护和保养十分重要。本文从材料的热膨胀理论出发,以有限元的理论为基础,详细讨论尼龙板材在不同温度下发生的热膨胀变形,通过有限元仿真分析尼龙板材在不同温度下的热膨胀性能,得出尼龙板在一定温度范围内的热膨胀变化规律。     

基于三点模型的柴油机热工参数预测

准确预测热工参数劣化趋势是对柴油机实施预测维修的前提。已有预测技术均视不同时段信息所具有的建模价值相等,忽略了近期信息比远期信息更能反映设备当前运行态势这一客观事实,导致预测模型难以准确描述柴油机热工参数的真实变化规律。针对该问题,提出一种基于三点模型的柴油机热工参数预测方法,并采用新陈代谢法同步更新建模数据,以提高建模数据的利用效率及预测精度。与灰色系统GM(1,1)模型预测精度的对比结果表明,三点模型能够有效处理不同时段信息在反映设备运行态势能力上的差异,得到更为准确的预测结果。     

约束对隧道二次衬砌早期温度应力分布的影响

为了解决隧道工程渗水问题,基于某隧道工程,采用MIDAS-GEN对其二次衬砌早期模筑混凝土进行非稳定温度应力场以及周围约束进行研究。研究结果表明:约束可以改变隧道的早期拉应力场的分布,具有外围约束的隧道二次衬砌的拉应力为隧道厚度中间最大,无约束隧道的拉应力为外部最大,约束可以减小隧道外部区域的拉应力,使得远离约束区域的拉应力变大,而无约束隧道的拉应力分布与之相反。根据温度应力分布特点,建议在设计方面适当增大二次衬砌中间与外侧的配筋,在施工方面减小初期支护与二次砌衬之间约束等。     

船舶甲板分段纵骨焊接变形和残余应力数值模拟

基于非线性分析软件Abaqus,采用顺序耦合的热弹塑性有限元方法研究典型船舶甲板分段纵骨焊接的变形与残余应力问题。焊接过程中的温度场分析采用具有截面积分shell单元的shell/solid模型,移动热源为高斯分布与均匀体组合热源,材料考虑应变随温度变化的特性。通过与T型接头焊接实验结果对比,验证了方法的可靠性。在此基础上,计算分析了甲板分段纵骨焊接的整体变形和局部板格变形,并讨论了外板纵向和横向焊接残余应力分布规律。     

基于动网格技术的潜艇热尾流浮升规律研究

针对基于相对运动的"排水法",无法全面、准确地反映潜艇热尾流浮升扩散规律,建立基于动网格技术的潜艇水下航行的二维计算模型,利用流体计算软件Fluent对潜艇排放过程中的流动-传热过程进行数值模拟。采用网格重构和网格光顺方法结合Profile运动边界驱动机制实现网格区域运动,确保模型符合实际运动规律。研究动网格技术和"排水法"热尾流最大浮升高度沿流向分布情况,最大浮升高度和中心温度随时间的变化规律。研究结果表明:动网格技术对于潜艇航行过程中的热尾流浮升过程有较高的计算精度;模拟结果捕捉到了浮升过程中流动和传热的瞬时变化,揭示了热尾流浮升扩散的规律。研究结果进一步为潜艇红外特征研究提供了理论支持和方法思路。     

Simple Identification of Some Coastal Marine Habitats by Modeling with Sea-Chart Data

A simple numerical model was applied to distinguish permanently oxygenated marine sill basins from periodically anoxic basins in Nordland County, northern Norway. Input data are sill depth, width of the tidal channel, sea surface area, and tidal range. The model produces a Topography Tidal Factor (TTF) that seems to be an adequate index correlating with empirical field data when sills have saddle depths <30 m. The depth of the pycnocline, and the oxygen concentration of the basin water increases logarithmically with the calculated TTF value toward an asymptotic level. At TTF ≥0.02 basins are mostly well-oxygenated and have a permanent fauna of epibenthic and hyperbenthic animals. Basins with TTF <0.02 may become anoxic each autumn, which permanently prevents establishment of communities with multi-annual sessile benthos. Low oxygen concentration may also cause seasonal variation in the occurrence of motile species. In tidal channels, the abundance of bivalves and fish, as well as the biodiversity in general, probably increases with TTF. The applied method may be universally valid in regions shaped by glacial erosion but needs to be further developed by more detailed studies.     

搅拌桩处理公路软弱地基施工工艺的探讨

以搅拌桩工艺处理软土地基,使其承压性能达到道路施工的必要条件。基于工程实践对其使用工艺进行技术优化,对于提高作业效率和降低工程成本是十分必要的。     

Turning Off the Heat: Impacts of Power Plant Decommissioning on Green Turtle Research in San Diego Bay

Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are among the most high profile species in San Diego Bay, California, and understanding impacts of coastal development and industry is essential to the management and conservation of this local population. Here we describe power plant changing energy production and its impact on turtle habitat use and our ability to research and manage this population. For over 20 years, green sea turtles have been captured, assessed, and tagged near the South Bay Power Plant (SBPP) in the San Diego Bay; from 2002–2011, 104 turtles were captured on 212 occasions. As the 50-year-old SBPP generates less energy, effluent patterns change and water temperatures decrease, presumably to more natural conditions. There has been a concurrent decrease in turtle-capture success, perhaps due to lesser visitation to the effluent site where nets are tended. Seasonal catch-per-unit-effort declined from a high of 4.14 turtles per monitoring day, to a nine-year low of 1.33 during the 2010–2011 season. It is already apparent that management decisions related to energy policy are affecting the habitat and behavior of this stock of endangered turtles. Green turtles are expected to remain in the San Diego Bay after the SBPP becomes inoperative and continuing research will monitor future impacts and distribution shifts resulting from the expected changes in thermal pattern within south San Diego Bay. Research efforts to study this population (i.e., capture methods and locations) will require modification in response to these changes. Lessons learned here are applicable to the immediate coastal development of San Diego, as well as at similar interactions between marine turtles and industrial thermal effluent discharge throughout Southern California, the United States, and beyond.